As a materials science expert with a focus on the electrical properties of various elements and compounds, I can provide a comprehensive answer to your question regarding the conductivity of sulfur.

Sulfur, with the chemical symbol S and an atomic number of 16, is indeed a non-metallic element. It is found in nature in both free and combined states, and it is an essential element for life, playing a crucial role in various biological processes. However, when we discuss the electrical conductivity of sulfur, it is important to consider its various allotropes and the conditions under which it is being examined.

In its most common form, sulfur is a yellow solid at room temperature and has a molecular structure that consists of S8 rings. This allotrope of sulfur is an insulator, meaning it does not conduct electricity well. The reason for this poor conductivity is related to the nature of its chemical bonds and the energy band structure of the material. In insulators, the energy gap between the valence band, where electrons are normally present, and the conduction band, where electrons can move freely, is quite large. This makes it difficult for electrons to move and thus results in poor electrical conductivity.

However, sulfur can exist in different allotropes, and some of these may exhibit different electrical properties. For instance, under high pressure, sulfur can form a metallic phase that has been reported to have higher electrical conductivity. This is due to changes in the electronic structure under pressure, which can lead to the overlap of energy bands and allow for electron movement.

Additionally, when sulfur is part of a compound, its electrical conductivity can be significantly altered. For example, in polythiophene, a polymer with sulfur in its backbone, the conductivity can be enhanced through doping or by forming specific types of conductive polymers.

It is also worth noting that the physical state of sulfur can affect its conductivity. In its liquid or vapor state, sulfur may exhibit slightly better conductivity than in its solid form due to increased molecular mobility.

In summary, while sulfur in its most stable form as an allotrope is a poor conductor of electricity, its conductivity can be influenced by various factors such as pressure, the formation of different allotropes, and its presence in compounds. The statement that sulfur is a "weak, dull, and easily breakable" material is somewhat misleading when discussing its electrical properties, as these terms do not directly relate to conductivity. Instead, the focus should be on the electronic structure and the conditions under which the material is examined.

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Sulphur is a non metal. It has the properties of poor conductor of both heat and electricity.It is weak,dull and can be easily breakable.read more >>