As an expert in environmental science, I have a profound understanding of the diverse ecosystems that make up the biomes of Pakistan. Pakistan, with its varied topography, hosts a rich array of biomes that are integral to the country's ecological balance and biodiversity. Let's delve into the various biomes that can be found across this South Asian nation.

Deserts and Xeric Shrublands
The Thar Desert, also known as the Great Indian Desert, is a prominent biome in Pakistan, particularly in the southern part of the country. It is characterized by its arid climate, sparse vegetation, and sandy terrain. The desert supports a unique array of flora and fauna adapted to its harsh conditions.

Mangrove
The Indus River Delta-Arabian Sea mangroves form a crucial mangrove biome in Pakistan. These mangroves are vital for the coastal ecosystem, providing habitat for numerous species of fish, birds, and marine mammals. They also serve as a natural barrier against storms and erosion.

Temperate Coniferous Forests
In the mountainous regions of Pakistan, particularly in the north, you can find the East Afghan montane conifer forests. These forests are dominated by coniferous trees that can withstand the colder temperatures and are typically found at higher elevations.

Montane Grasslands and Shrublands
The **Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe** represents the montane grasslands and shrublands biome. This high-altitude region is characterized by its cold climate and harsh conditions, with vegetation adapted to survive in such an environment.

In addition to these, Pakistan is home to several other biomes, including but not limited to:

- **Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests**: These can be found in the lower altitudes of the Indus River basin and support a rich diversity of plant and animal life.
- **Tropical and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests**: These are prevalent in areas with less precipitation and are characterized by trees that can survive in drier conditions.
- **Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub**: Although not as extensive, these biomes can be found in certain parts of Pakistan, influenced by the Mediterranean climate.
- **Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands**: These biomes are found in the more temperate regions of Pakistan, supporting a variety of grasses and shrubs.

Pakistan's biomes are not only diverse but also under threat from various environmental challenges such as climate change, deforestation, and urbanization. It is crucial to protect and conserve these ecosystems to maintain the country's rich biodiversity and ecological health.

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List of ecoregions in PakistanEcozoneBiomeEcoregionIndomalayanDeserts and xeric shrublandsThar desertIndomalayanMangroveIndus River Delta-Arabian Sea mangrovesPalearcticTemperate coniferous forestsEast Afghan montane conifer forestsPalearcticMontane grasslands and shrublandsKarakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe10 more rowsread more >>