As a domain expert in the field of physics, I specialize in the study of matter and its interaction with various forces, including gravitational force. When it comes to understanding the property of matter that is a measure of the gravitational force, we delve into the concepts of mass and weight.

Mass is a fundamental property of matter that represents the amount of matter contained in an object. It is typically measured in kilograms (kg) and is a scalar quantity, meaning it only has magnitude and no direction. Mass is intrinsic to an object and remains constant regardless of its location in the universe.

Weight, on the other hand, is the force exerted on an object due to gravity. It is a vector quantity, which means it has both magnitude and direction, and is calculated as the product of an object's mass and the acceleration due to gravity (g). The standard acceleration due to gravity on Earth is approximately 9.8 meters per second squared (m/s²). Weight is dependent on both the mass of the object and the local gravitational field, and thus it can vary depending on the object's location. For instance, an object would weigh less on the Moon than on Earth because the Moon's gravitational field is weaker.

The newton, which is mentioned in your reference, is the SI (International System of Units) unit for force, including gravitational force. It is defined as the force required to accelerate a one-kilogram mass by one meter per second squared (1 N = 1 kg·m/s²). When we talk about the weight of an object, we are essentially referring to the gravitational force acting on it, which can be expressed in newtons.

Density is another property of matter that should not be confused with weight. Density is defined as the mass per unit volume of a substance and is typically measured in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³). While density can influence how much an object might weigh in a given volume, it is not a direct measure of gravitational force.

To summarize, the property of matter that is a measure of the gravitational force is weight. It is the force that an object experiences due to the gravitational pull of a planet or other celestial body. Weight is directly proportional to mass and depends on the local acceleration due to gravity. The newton is the unit used to express this force, and it is calculated by multiplying the mass of the object by the acceleration due to gravity.

Now, let's proceed with the translation into Chinese.

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Chapter 2 Matter Vocabulary ReviewABweightThe measure of how much gravitational force is exerted on an object.newtonThe SI unit for expressing gravitational force.matterAnything that has mass and occupies space.densityThe amount of matter in a given volume of space.13 more rowsread more >>