As an expert in the field of energy efficiency and cost analysis, I've spent considerable time examining the cost-effectiveness of various heating options. When comparing gas and electric heat, it's essential to consider several factors including the cost per unit of energy, the efficiency of the heating systems, and the overall energy consumption patterns.

Cost per Unit of Energy
The first step in determining which is cheaper, gas or electric heat, is to look at the cost per unit of energy. As you've mentioned, the cost of gas is approximately 4p per kWh, while electricity is around 15p per kWh. This indicates that gas is significantly cheaper on a per kWh basis, being about 3-4 times less expensive than electricity.

Efficiency of Heating Systems
However, cost per unit is not the only factor to consider. The efficiency of the heating system itself is crucial. Gas boilers and furnaces are generally more efficient than electric heating systems. For instance, a modern gas boiler can achieve efficiencies of up to 90%, whereas electric heating systems, such as baseboard heaters or electric furnaces, are typically less efficient, often around 95% to 100%. It's important to note that while electric systems may have a higher efficiency percentage, the cost of electricity itself is higher, which can offset the efficiency gains.

Energy Consumption Patterns
Another aspect to consider is how the energy is consumed. Gas heating systems are often used for space heating, which can be more cost-effective due to their higher efficiency. Electric heating, on the other hand, may be used for a variety of purposes, including space heating, water heating, and running appliances. The overall cost will depend on the mix of these uses and the efficiency of the electric system in each case.

Environmental Impact and Future Costs
It's also worth considering the environmental impact and potential future costs. Gas is a fossil fuel, and its use contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. There may be future regulations or carbon pricing that could increase the cost of gas. Electricity, while also having environmental impacts, can be sourced from renewable sources, which could become more prevalent and cost-effective in the future.

Conclusion
In conclusion, based on the current cost per kWh, gas is the cheaper option. However, when considering the overall cost-effectiveness, one must also take into account the efficiency of the heating systems and the energy consumption patterns. Additionally, the environmental impact and potential future changes in energy pricing should be factored into the decision-making process.

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To buy one unit of mains gas (measured in kWh) you will pay about 4p / kWh. Conversely, one unit of electricity from the mains (also measure in kWh) will cost you about 15p/kWh. This means that gas is about 3-4 times cheaper than electricity per kWh.read more >>