As a subject matter expert in ornithology and environmental science, I have a deep understanding of the factors that impact bird populations. The question of what kills the most birds is a complex one, with multiple contributing factors. It's important to note that the impact on bird populations varies by region and species, and the data we have is often subject to change as new research emerges.

Wind turbines have been a focal point of discussion in recent years due to their potential impact on bird mortality. According to a peer-reviewed study by federal scientists, wind turbines are responsible for the deaths of between 214,000 and 368,000 birds annually. While this number is significant, it is a small fraction compared to other causes of bird fatalities.

Collisions with structures, such as cell and radio towers, are a major cause of bird deaths. It is estimated that these collisions result in approximately 6.8 million bird fatalities each year. The impact of these structures is often overlooked, but it is a significant contributor to bird mortality.

Another significant threat to bird populations is domestic cats. Cats, both indoor and outdoor, are estimated to cause between 1.4 billion to 3.7 billion bird deaths annually. This is a staggering number and highlights the need for responsible pet ownership and measures to mitigate the impact of cats on bird populations.

Other factors that contribute to bird mortality include habitat loss, pesticide exposure, invasive species, and disease. Habitat loss due to deforestation and urbanization is a leading cause of population decline for many bird species. Pesticide exposure can lead to direct poisoning or disrupt the food chain, affecting bird populations. Invasive species can outcompete native birds for resources and spread diseases. Disease can also have a significant impact on bird populations, with outbreaks affecting large numbers of individuals.

Climate change is another growing concern for bird populations. Changes in climate can affect bird migration patterns, breeding cycles, and the availability of food sources. This can lead to population declines and even local extinctions.

Light pollution is another factor that has been identified as a cause of bird mortality. Migratory birds are particularly vulnerable to collisions with buildings and other structures due to disorientation caused by artificial light.

In conclusion, while wind turbines do contribute to bird mortality, they are not the leading cause. The most significant threats to bird populations are domestic cats, collisions with structures, and habitat loss. It is crucial to address these issues through conservation efforts, responsible pet ownership, and sustainable development practices.

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Wind turbines kill between 214,000 and 368,000 birds annually -- a small fraction compared with the estimated 6.8 million fatalities from collisions with cell and radio towers and the 1.4 billion to 3.7 billion deaths from cats, according to the peer-reviewed study by two federal scientists and the environmental ...Sep 16, 2014read more >>