As an expert in the field of renewable energy, I can provide a comprehensive look into how Iceland, a country renowned for its commitment to sustainability, generates its electricity.

Iceland is a unique country in terms of its geology and topography, which significantly contributes to its ability to harness renewable energy sources for electricity production. The country is situated on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, an area with a high concentration of geothermal activity. This, combined with its abundant hydroelectric potential due to its numerous rivers and waterfalls, makes Iceland a prime candidate for renewable energy production.

Hydroelectric Power
Iceland's electricity generation is predominantly hydroelectric, accounting for approximately 70% of the total electricity produced. The country's rivers and waterfalls provide a consistent flow of water that can be harnessed to generate electricity. Hydroelectric power plants are constructed along these waterways, utilizing the kinetic energy of the flowing water to turn turbines, which in turn generate electricity.

Geothermal Energy
Geothermal energy is another significant contributor to Iceland's electricity production, making up about 30% of the total. The geothermal power plants tap into the natural heat from the Earth's interior. Iceland has a high concentration of geothermal hotspots due to its location on the tectonic plate boundaries. These plants use the steam and hot water from underground reservoirs to drive turbines and generate electricity.

Fossil Fuels
It is noteworthy that Iceland's reliance on fossil fuels for electricity generation is minimal, with less than 0.2% of its electricity coming from such sources. This is a testament to Iceland's commitment to clean energy. The small percentage that does come from fossil fuels is primarily in the form of fuel oil, which is used as a backup source during periods of low water levels or high energy demand.

Wind Power
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in wind power as an additional source of renewable energy in Iceland. Although the initial statement mentioned that there was no wind power installed in Iceland as of 2012, it is important to note that the renewable energy landscape is continually evolving. Iceland has the potential to harness wind energy, especially in coastal areas where wind speeds are higher.

Energy Storage and Export
Iceland has also been exploring ways to store excess energy and potentially export it to neighboring countries. The country's geology allows for the possibility of pumped hydro storage, where water is pumped to a higher elevation during periods of low demand and then released to generate electricity during peak demand.

Environmental Impact
The use of renewable energy sources has a minimal environmental impact compared to fossil fuels. It reduces greenhouse gas emissions and helps Iceland maintain its pristine environment, which is a significant factor for the country's tourism industry.

Future Prospects
Looking forward, Iceland is committed to maintaining and expanding its renewable energy infrastructure. Investments in research and development are ongoing to improve the efficiency of existing technologies and explore new ways to harness the country's natural resources.

In summary, Iceland's electricity production is a model of sustainability, with a focus on hydroelectric and geothermal energy. The country's commitment to renewable energy not only provides a reliable source of power but also contributes to its environmental goals and economic development.

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Iceland's electricity is produced almost entirely from renewable energy sources: hydroelectric (70%) and geothermal (30%). Less than 0.2% of electricity generated came from fossil fuels (in this case, fuel oil). In 2012 there was no wind power installed in Iceland.read more >>