As a subject matter expert in the field of energy storage, I'd like to delve into the intricate details of storing methane gas, which is the primary component of natural gas.

Methane, CH4, is a versatile and abundant hydrocarbon that is a significant contributor to the world's energy supply. Storing methane is crucial for various applications, including but not limited to power generation, heating, and transportation. There are several methods to store methane, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages.

The first method of storing methane is in its gaseous state. This is the most common method due to its simplicity and the fact that it requires minimal infrastructure. However, storing methane as a gas is not the most space-efficient method due to the low density of the gas at atmospheric pressure. To increase the storage capacity, the gas is often compressed to high pressures, which requires robust and specialized containment systems to maintain safety and prevent leakage.

The second major way natural gas is stored, as you mentioned, is as a liquid in high-pressure refrigerated containers. This method is known as Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG).
Liquefied Natural Gas is created by cooling natural gas to extremely low temperatures, typically around -162 degrees Celsius (-260 degrees Fahrenheit), at which point it condenses into a liquid. This process significantly increases the density of the methane, allowing for a much more space-efficient storage solution. The high-pressure refrigerated containers are designed to withstand the low temperatures and pressures required for LNG storage.

LNG storage offers several advantages. It reduces the volume of the gas by a factor of about 600, making it easier to transport and store. It is also less susceptible to leakage than compressed gas, as the liquid form adheres to the container walls. Moreover, LNG can be stored for long periods without significant losses, making it an excellent option for seasonal storage and peak-shaving.

However, there are also challenges associated with LNG storage. The process of liquefying natural gas is energy-intensive, which can add to the overall cost of the storage system. Additionally, the infrastructure required for LNG storage, such as specialized tankers and regasification facilities, is more complex and costly than that for gas storage.

Alternative methods of methane storage include adsorbed natural gas (ANG) and compressed natural gas (CNG). ANG involves storing the gas in a porous material that adsorbs the methane molecules, while CNG involves compressing the gas to a much higher pressure than what is typically used for gas storage. Both methods have their specific applications and are chosen based on the needs of the storage system.

In conclusion, methane gas can indeed be stored, and the methods for doing so are varied and depend on the specific requirements of the application. The choice of storage method will depend on factors such as the scale of storage needed, the availability of infrastructure, the energy required for the storage process, and the cost-effectiveness of the system.

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The second major way natural gas is stored is as a liquid in high pressure refrigerated containers. Since liquid methane has a much higher density than methane in the gas state, this method of storage is much more space efficient than others.read more >>