As an aviation expert with years of experience in the field, I can provide you with detailed insights into how fast a plane hits the runway during takeoff and landing.

When discussing the speed at which a plane hits the runway, it's essential to differentiate between takeoff and landing speeds. The speed at which an aircraft takes off or lands is determined by several factors, including the aircraft's performance specifications, environmental conditions such as wind speed and direction, air temperature, and the weight of the aircraft.

Takeoff Speed:
During takeoff, the speed of an aircraft is critical as it must reach a certain velocity to generate enough lift to become airborne. The takeoff speed, also known as the rotation speed, is the speed at which the pilot begins to pull back on the control column to raise the nose of the aircraft. This speed varies greatly depending on the type of aircraft, its weight, and the conditions mentioned earlier.

For a large commercial aircraft like the Boeing 747, which is often used for long-haul flights, the takeoff speed can be around 160 knots, which is approximately 184 miles per hour (mph). This speed is necessary to ensure that the aircraft can safely lift off the ground and climb to a safe altitude. It's important to note that this is a general figure and can vary. Pilots refer to charts provided by the aircraft manufacturer that detail the specific takeoff speeds for various weights and conditions.

Landing Speed:
Landing speed is equally important and is influenced by similar factors as takeoff speed. The approach speed, which is the speed of the aircraft as it begins its descent towards the runway, must be carefully managed to ensure a safe and controlled landing.

The reference to a "fully loaded 747" landing at around "25,0000 kgs" seems to be a typographical error, as it likely meant to convey 25,000 kilograms, which is a reasonable weight for a fully loaded 747. The landing speed for such an aircraft would be determined by the pilot and would take into account the aircraft's weight, the runway length, and environmental conditions. Generally, landing speeds are lower than takeoff speeds to ensure that the aircraft can safely decelerate after touchdown.

Environmental Conditions:
Environmental conditions play a significant role in determining the takeoff and landing speeds. Headwinds can reduce the ground speed needed for takeoff and landing, while tailwinds can increase it. Temperature and altitude also affect air density, which in turn affects the speed required for lift.

Weight and Performance:
The weight of the aircraft is directly related to its performance. A fully loaded aircraft will require a higher takeoff speed compared to a lighter aircraft. The performance of the aircraft, including its engines' thrust and the aerodynamics of its design, also influences the speed at which it can safely operate.

In conclusion, the speed at which a plane hits the runway during takeoff and landing is a complex calculation that involves numerous variables. Pilots and aircraft manufacturers work closely to ensure that these speeds are safe and efficient, taking into account all relevant factors to ensure the safety of passengers and crew.

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Speeds vary according to performance, environmental conditions and weight but typically a fully loaded 747 on a normal long haul flight would take off from a typical length runway at around 160 knots which is 184 mph. A typical fully loaded 747 would be landing at around 25,0000kgs.read more >>