As an environmental scientist with a focus on atmospheric chemistry, I can provide a detailed explanation of how gas-powered vehicles contribute to air pollution.

Firstly, it's important to understand that internal combustion engines, which are commonly found in gas cars, rely on the combustion of fossil fuels to generate power. This process involves the burning of gasoline, a hydrocarbon fuel, in the presence of oxygen to produce energy. However, this combustion is not perfectly efficient, and several byproducts are released into the atmosphere as a result.

Nitrogen Oxides (NOx): One of the primary pollutants emitted by gas cars is nitrogen oxides. These are formed when nitrogen and oxygen in the air react at the high temperatures inside the engine. NOx compounds, which include nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), can contribute to the formation of smog and acid rain. They can also lead to respiratory problems and other health issues.

Carbon Monoxide (CO): Another significant emission from gas vehicles is carbon monoxide. This is produced when the fuel does not burn completely, leaving behind one carbon atom bonded to one oxygen atom. CO is a poisonous gas that can be harmful to human health, particularly in high concentrations. It is also a contributor to the greenhouse effect, trapping heat in the atmosphere and contributing to global warming.

Particulate Matter (PM): Gas cars also emit particulate matter, which are tiny particles of pollutants that can be inhaled deep into the lungs. These particles can come from unburned fuel or from wear and tear within the engine. They are linked to a range of health problems, including heart disease, lung cancer, and respiratory illnesses such as asthma.

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): VOCs are a group of carbon-containing chemicals that easily evaporate at room temperature. They are emitted from the exhaust of gas cars and can react with other chemicals in the atmosphere to form ground-level ozone, a key component of smog.

Hydrocarbons (HC): Hydrocarbons are another group of pollutants emitted by gas cars. They are unburned or partially burned hydrocarbon fuels that can evaporate from the vehicle's fuel system or be released during combustion. Hydrocarbons contribute to smog formation and can also have negative health effects.

Greenhouse Gases: Lastly, the burning of gasoline releases carbon dioxide (CO2), a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change. CO2 is not directly harmful to human health in the same way as some of the other pollutants mentioned, but its impact on global temperatures has far-reaching consequences for ecosystems and human societies.

In 2013, as mentioned, transportation was responsible for more than half of the carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, and almost a quarter of the hydrocarbons emitted into our air. This highlights the significant impact that gas-powered vehicles have on air quality and public health.

Moving forward, efforts to reduce emissions from gas cars include improving engine efficiency, using cleaner fuels, and implementing stricter emission standards. Additionally, the shift towards electric vehicles and alternative transportation methods is a key strategy for reducing the environmental impact of transportation.

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Passenger vehicles are a major pollution contributor, producing significant amounts of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and other pollution. In 2013, transportation contributed more than half of the carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, and almost a quarter of the hydrocarbons emitted into our air.read more >>