As an expert in the field of endocrinology, I can provide a comprehensive understanding of the effects and consequences of an excess of growth hormone (GH) in the human body. Growth hormone, produced by the pituitary gland, plays a crucial role in the growth and development of children and adolescents. It stimulates the growth of bones, muscles, and other tissues, and it also affects the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates.
However, when there is an overproduction of growth hormone, it can lead to a variety of health issues. The condition is often caused by a benign tumor in the pituitary gland, which is not cancerous. The excess GH can have different effects depending on the age of the individual when the overproduction begins.

In children, an overabundance of growth hormone can result in a condition known as gigantism. This is characterized by an abnormal increase in the size of the bones and the overall body. Children with gigantism may grow to an unusually tall stature, with their long bones, such as those in the arms and legs, growing disproportionately. This can lead to a range of complications, including joint pain, impaired vision, and potential cardiovascular issues due to the strain on the heart from the increased body size.

In adults, the excess of growth hormone typically leads to a condition called acromegaly. Acromegaly is marked by the enlargement of the hands, feet, and facial features. The bones in these areas thicken, and the soft tissues, such as the skin and cartilage, can also become enlarged. This condition can cause significant cosmetic changes and functional impairments. For instance, the enlargement of the jaw and tongue can lead to difficulty in speaking and swallowing, while the thickening of the bones can result in arthritis and joint pain.

The symptoms of too much growth hormone can be quite varied and may include:

- Increased hand and foot size: Shoes and gloves may no longer fit properly.
- Coarsening of facial features: The face may appear more rugged with a prominent brow, enlarged nose, and thickened lips.
- Joint pain and limited joint mobility: The thickening of bones and cartilage can cause discomfort and reduce the range of motion in joints.
- Skin changes: The skin may become thicker and more oily, with increased sweating.
- Sleep apnea: The enlargement of soft tissues in the throat can obstruct the airway during sleep, leading to pauses in breathing.
- Headaches and vision problems: A pituitary tumor can compress the optic nerves, causing headaches and potentially vision loss.

The treatment for excess growth hormone typically involves addressing the underlying cause, which is often the pituitary tumor. This can be done through surgery to remove the tumor, medication to reduce the production of growth hormone, or radiation therapy. In some cases, hormone replacement therapy may be necessary if the pituitary gland's function is compromised following treatment.

It's important to note that the diagnosis and management of growth hormone disorders require a multidisciplinary approach, involving endocrinologists, neurologists, ophthalmologists, and other specialists. Regular monitoring and follow-up are essential to ensure that the condition is well-managed and to minimize the long-term health impacts.

In conclusion, while growth hormone is essential for normal growth and development, too much of it can lead to significant health problems. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are key to managing these conditions and improving the quality of life for those affected.

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Usually the cause is a pituitary gland tumor, which is not cancer. Too much growth hormone can cause gigantism in children, where their bones and their body grow too much. In adults, it can cause acromegaly, which makes the hands, feet and face larger than normal.Apr 16, 2018read more >>