As a specialist in the field of human physiology, I have a deep understanding of the various bodily responses and their underlying mechanisms. One such response is piloerection, commonly known as "goosebumps." This phenomenon is a fascinating aspect of human biology that can be both a physical and emotional experience.

Piloerection is the involuntary response where the small muscles at the base of each hair follicle contract, causing the hairs to stand up straight. This is often accompanied by the skin surface taking on a bumpy texture, resembling the skin of a plucked goose, hence the term "goosebumps." The primary purpose of this response in animals is to create an insulating layer of air close to the skin, which helps to maintain body heat. In some animals, it also serves to make the animal appear larger and more intimidating to potential predators or rivals.

In humans, the original function of piloerection for insulation has largely become obsolete due to our sophisticated clothing and shelter systems. However, the reflex still occurs and is linked to our emotional state and the fight-or-flight response. When we experience strong emotions such as fear, surprise, or even cold, our sympathetic nervous system is activated. This system is responsible for the body's immediate response to perceived threats, preparing us to either confront or flee from danger.

The activation of the sympathetic nervous system triggers a series of physiological changes, including increased heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration, as well as piloerection. The emotional aspect of piloerection is also intriguing. It can be triggered by a wide range of stimuli, from listening to moving music to witnessing an awe-inspiring event. In these cases, piloerection seems to be a physical manifestation of our emotional response, a kind of bodily echo to the intensity of our feelings.

Moreover, piloerection can also be seen as a vestigial trait, a remnant of our evolutionary past. While it no longer serves its original purpose, it remains as a testament to our biological heritage and the complex interplay between our body's systems.

In summary, piloerection in humans is a multifaceted phenomenon that, while it may not serve its original purpose of insulation, continues to play a role in our emotional and physiological responses to the world around us.

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It is a sympathetic nervous symptom reaction which is linked to the flight-or-flight response. The piloerection, or goose bump, has lost it original function in humans which was to create insulation using body hair.Mar 23, 2012read more >>