Hello there! I'm a specialist in the field of nutrition and biochemistry. It's my pleasure to share some insights with you today. Let's dive into the fascinating world of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins and play a crucial role in the maintenance and repair of tissues, as well as numerous other functions within the body.

Amino acids are organic compounds that contain an amine (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) functional group, along with a side chain (R group) unique to each amino acid. There are 20 different amino acids that make up proteins, and they can be classified into two categories: essential and non-essential amino acids. The essential amino acids are those that the human body cannot synthesize on its own and must be obtained through diet.

The list of essential amino acids is as follows:


1. Lysine: Lysine is crucial for protein synthesis and is involved in the production of enzymes, hormones, and antibodies. It also plays a role in calcium absorption and maintaining proper bone health.


2. Methionine: Methionine is unique as it is the first amino acid incorporated into new proteins. It is also a precursor to other important molecules like cysteine, taurine, and the antioxidant glutathione.


3. Leucine: Leucine is a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) that is vital for muscle protein synthesis and can help reduce muscle fatigue during exercise.


4. Isoleucine: Another BCAA, isoleucine is important for energy production and helps regulate blood sugar levels.


5. Valine: Valine, the third BCAA, is involved in energy metabolism and is necessary for the proper functioning of the nervous system.


6. Threonine: Threonine is important for the production of collagen and elastin, which are essential for maintaining healthy skin, bones, and connective tissues.

7.
Tryptophan: Tryptophan is a precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin, which is involved in mood regulation, sleep, and appetite control.

8.
Phenylalanine: Phenylalanine is converted into tyrosine in the body, which is then used to produce several neurotransmitters, including dopamine and norepinephrine.

9.
Histidine: Histidine is involved in the production of histamine, which is important for immune function and the regulation of gastric acid secretion.

10.
Arginine: Arginine is a conditionally essential amino acid, which means it becomes essential under certain conditions, such as during growth, illness, or injury. It is involved in the production of nitric oxide, which is important for blood flow and immune function.

It is important to note that the list provided in your reference includes arginine and histidine, which are indeed essential amino acids, but it omits valine, which is also an essential amino acid. Additionally, the list includes tryptophan, which is not mentioned in your reference. Tryptophan is a precursor to niacin (vitamin B3), and a deficiency can lead to pellagra, a disease characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia.

To ensure a balanced intake of all essential amino acids, it is recommended to consume a variety of protein-rich foods such as meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, legumes, and some grains. Vegetarians and vegans can meet their essential amino acid needs by combining different plant-based protein sources.

Now, let's move on to the translation of the above information into Chinese.

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There are 10 essential amino acids:arginine.histidine.isoleucine.leucine.lysine.methionine.phenylalanine.threonine.More items...read more >>