Hello, I'm an expert in linguistics and I'm here to help you understand the structure and nuances of complex sentences. Let's dive into the details.
A complex sentence is a type of sentence that contains at least one independent clause and one dependent clause. Independent clauses can stand alone as complete sentences, while dependent clauses cannot stand alone and function as subordinate parts of the sentence. The dependent clause is often introduced by a subordinating conjunction such as "although," "because," "since," "if," "though," "unless," "when," "while," etc.

Here's a breakdown of the sentence structure:


1. Independent Clause: This is the main clause of the sentence that can stand alone and express a complete thought. It has a subject and a predicate.


2. Dependent Clause: Also known as a subordinate clause, this cannot stand alone as a sentence. It usually provides additional information to the independent clause and is often introduced by a subordinating conjunction.

Now, let's look at an example of a complex sentence:

> "I burned dinner but not the cake."

In this sentence, there are two independent clauses:
1. "I burned dinner."
2. "not the cake."

However, the second clause "not the cake" is not a complete sentence on its own and is dependent on the first clause for context. It is connected to the first clause by the coordinating conjunction "but," which is used to show contrast between the two ideas.

Another example of a complex sentence is:

> "Although it was raining, we decided to go for a walk."

Here, "Although it was raining" is a dependent clause because it cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. It provides a condition or reason for the action in the independent clause "we decided to go for a walk."

Now, let's translate this explanation into Chinese:

你好，我是语言学领域的专家，我在这里帮助你理解复杂句的结构和细微差别。让我们深入细节。
复杂句是一种至少包含一个独立从句和一个从属从句的句子类型。独立从句可以独立存在作为完整的句子，而从属从句不能独立存在，作为句子的从属部分。从属从句通常由从属连词引入，如“虽然”、“因为”、“自从”、“如果”、“尽管”、“除非”、“当”、“而”等。

以下是句子结构的分解：


1. 独立从句：这是句子的主要从句，可以独立存在并表达一个完整的想法。它有一个主语和一个谓语。


2. 从属从句：也称为从句，它不能独立作为句子。它通常为独立从句提供额外信息，并通常由从属连词引入。

现在，让我们看一个复杂句的例子：

> “我烧焦了晚餐，但没有烧焦蛋糕。”

在这个句子中，有两个独立从句：
1. “我烧焦了晚餐。”
2. “但没有烧焦蛋糕。”

然而，第二个从句“但没有烧焦蛋糕”本身不能作为一个完整的句子独立存在，它依赖于第一个从句提供上下文。它通过并列连词“但”与第一个从句连接，用来表示两个想法之间的对比。

另一个复杂句的例子是：

> “尽管下雨，我们还是决定去散步。”

在这里，“尽管下雨”是一个从属从句，因为它不能独立作为一个完整的句子。它为独立从句“我们决定去散步”提供了一个条件或原因。

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An independent clause can stand alone as a simple sentence while a dependent clause cannot. ... An example of a complex sentence is this: --I burned dinner but not the cake.-- 4) Compound-complex sentences contain two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.Mar 20, 2014read more >>