As a language expert with a deep understanding of English grammar and usage, I'm here to provide you with a comprehensive answer to your question regarding whether "American" is a common or proper noun.
To begin with, let's define what a common noun and a proper noun are. A common noun is a word that represents a general category or type of person, place, animal, or thing. It does not refer to a specific entity but rather to any member of a broader class. For instance, "dog" is a common noun because it can refer to any dog, not just one particular dog.
On the other hand, a proper noun is a specific name that represents a unique entity. It is always capitalized in English. Proper nouns can refer to people, places, organizations, or even unique objects. For example, "John" is a proper noun because it refers to a specific individual, and "Paris" is a proper noun because it refers to a specific city.
Now, let's consider the word "American." In English, "American" can function as both a common and a proper noun, depending on the context in which it is used.

As a Proper Noun:
When "American" is used as a proper noun, it refers to a person who is a native of or citizen of the United States of America. In this context, it is capitalized and it is a proper noun because it specifically refers to people from a particular country. For example, "I met an American at the party" would be referring to a person from the United States.

As a Common Noun:
However, "American" can also be used as a common noun when it is not capitalized. In this case, it refers to people from the United States in a more general sense, without specifying any particular individual. For example, "Americans are known for their friendliness" is using "American" as a common noun because it is not referring to a specific person but rather to people from the United States in general.

Capitalization and Adjectives:
The reference material you provided suggests that adjectives are often capitalized when they pertain to a specific person, place, language, or group. This is true for many adjectives that are derived from proper nouns. "American" is indeed an adjective that is derived from the proper noun "America." When used as an adjective to describe something related to the United States, it is capitalized. For example, "American culture" refers to the culture of the United States.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, whether "American" is a common or proper noun depends on how it is used in a sentence. If it is capitalized and refers to a specific person or group from the United States, it is a proper noun. If it is not capitalized and is used in a general sense, it is a common noun. As an adjective, "American" is always capitalized because it pertains to the specific place, which is the United States of America.

Now, let's proceed to the translation as per your instructions.

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In general, an adjective is capitalized if its meaning is "pertaining to X", where X is some specific person, place, language, or organized group. Most capitalized adjectives are derived from proper nouns; for example, the proper adjective American is derived from the proper noun America.read more >>