As a language expert with a deep understanding of English grammar and usage, I'm often asked about the differences between active and passive voice. The distinction between active and passive voice is a fundamental aspect of English sentence construction that can significantly impact the clarity, style, and emphasis of your writing.
Active Voice
In the active voice, the subject of the sentence performs the action. This is the most common and straightforward way to express an action. The structure is: Subject + Verb + Object (SVO). Here are a few examples:

1. She reads books. (The subject "she" performs the action "reads" on the object "books.")

2. We built a house. (The subject "we" performs the action "built" on the object "a house.")

3. The dog chased the cat. (The subject "The dog" performs the action "chased" on the object "the cat.")
Active voice is generally preferred for its directness and clarity. It makes the sentence more concise and easier to understand because the doer of the action is clearly stated.
Passive Voice
In contrast, the passive voice is used when the action is performed on the subject, or when the doer of the action is unknown, irrelevant, or less important. The structure is: Subject + to be verb + past participle (S + to be + V-ed). Here are some examples:

1. Books are read by her. (The subject "books" receives the action "are read" and the doer "her" is mentioned but less emphasized.)

2. A house was built by us. (The subject "a house" receives the action "was built" and the doer "us" is mentioned but less emphasized.)

3. The cat was chased by the dog. (The subject "the cat" receives the action "was chased" and the doer "the dog" is mentioned but less emphasized.)
Passive voice can be useful in certain contexts. For instance, it can be used to emphasize the receiver of the action, to maintain a formal tone, or when the doer of the action is unknown or unimportant.
Choosing Between Active and Passive Voice
The choice between active and passive voice depends on the context and the writer's intention. Here are some considerations:
- Emphasis: Use active voice to emphasize the doer of the action. Use passive voice to emphasize the receiver of the action.
- Clarity: Active voice is usually clearer and more direct. Passive voice can sometimes make sentences longer and more complex.
- Style: Active voice is often considered more engaging and dynamic, while passive voice can sound more formal or detached.
- Unknown Actors: Use passive voice when the doer of the action is unknown or irrelevant to the point being made.
- Formal Writing: Passive voice is more common in formal or academic writing, where the focus is often on the action itself rather than who is performing it.
- Safety and Politeness: Passive voice can be used to avoid direct blame or to soften statements.
It's also important to note that overuse of passive voice can lead to a less engaging and more difficult to read text. Striking a balance and using both voices appropriately can greatly enhance the effectiveness of your writing.
In conclusion, while both active and passive voice have their places in English grammar, the active voice is generally preferred for its clarity and directness. However, the passive voice can be a valuable tool when used thoughtfully and appropriately.
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Active vs. passive voice. In a sentence written in the active voice, the subject of sentence performs the action. In a sentence written in the passive voice the subject receives the action. ... Passive: It is believed by the candidate that a ceiling must be placed on the budget by Congress.read more >>