As a language expert with a deep understanding of English grammar and usage, I can provide you with a detailed explanation regarding the correct use of possessive forms in English, specifically in the context of the name "James."

In English, the possessive case is used to show ownership or a relationship between two entities. When it comes to singular nouns, the possessive form is usually formed by adding an apostrophe followed by an "s" ('s). However, there are nuances and exceptions to this rule, especially when dealing with proper nouns that end in the letter "s."

Step 1: English Explanation

The possessive form of a singular noun not ending in "s" typically takes an apostrophe followed by an "s" ('s). For example, "the cat's toy" indicates that the toy belongs to the cat. However, when a singular noun ends in "s," there are two common ways to form the possessive: by adding just an apostrophe (James') or by adding an apostrophe and an "s" (James's). Both forms are considered grammatically correct, but there are preferences and tendencies in usage.


1. Adding just an apostrophe (James'): This is often used in informal writing or when the word that follows clearly indicates possession. For instance, "James' book" could be used when it is clear from the context that the book belongs to James.

2. **Adding an apostrophe and an "s" (James's)**: This form is more common in formal writing and is generally preferred when the word that follows does not make the possessive relationship clear. For example, "James's birthday" is often used because "birthday" does not inherently suggest possession, and the extra "s" helps to clarify that it is indeed James's birthday.

The choice between the two can also be influenced by the style guides that publications or institutions follow. Some style guides may prefer one form over the other. For instance, The Chicago Manual of Style and The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage recommend using the form with just an apostrophe for proper nouns ending in "s," while other style guides, like The Associated Press (AP) Stylebook, prefer the form with both an apostrophe and an "s."

It's important to note that in British English, the form with the extra "s" (James's) is often considered more formal and is preferred in contexts where clarity is crucial, such as in legal documents or academic writing. In contrast, American English tends to be more flexible and may favor the single apostrophe form (James') in informal contexts.

In summary, both "James'" and "James's" are grammatically correct, but the choice between them can depend on the level of formality, the clarity required by the context, and the specific style guide being followed.

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Explanation: Plural words which do not end in the letter 's' have the apostrophe before the 's' when showing possession. Example: She is the children's writer; she is the people's princess. Commentary: both James' birthday and James's birthday are grammatically correct.read more >>