As a domain expert in the field of biology, I can provide a comprehensive explanation of what a living organism is known as. Living organisms, also referred to as "biological entities" or "life forms," are complex systems that exhibit the properties of life. These properties are distinct from non-living entities and are fundamental to the study of biology. Let's delve into the characteristics that define living organisms and set them apart from non-living matter.

1. Cellular Composition: The most basic unit of life is the cell. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, which are the structural and functional units of life. Cells are often called the "building blocks of life" because they are the smallest units that can carry out all the processes necessary for life.

2. Metabolism: Living organisms carry out a series of chemical reactions known as metabolism. This includes both anabolism, which is the process of building up molecules necessary for life, and catabolism, which involves breaking down molecules to release energy.

3. Growth: Growth is a universal characteristic of living organisms. It involves an increase in size, mass, and eventually, the number of cells through cell division.

4. Reproduction: One of the most distinctive features of living organisms is their ability to reproduce. This involves the production of new individuals that are genetically similar to the parent organism. Reproduction can occur through sexual or asexual means.

5. Response to Stimuli: Living organisms have the ability to sense and respond to changes in their environment. This is known as responsiveness or irritability. It allows organisms to seek out favorable conditions and avoid harmful ones.

6. Genetic Inheritance: Living organisms pass on their genetic information to their offspring through DNA, which is the hereditary material. This genetic information contains the instructions for building and maintaining the organism's body.

7. Homeostasis: Living organisms maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment. This is known as homeostasis and is crucial for the proper functioning of an organism.

8. Evolution: Over time, living organisms undergo changes through the process of evolution. Evolution is driven by genetic variation and natural selection, leading to the adaptation of species to their environments.

9. Movement: Many living organisms are capable of movement, which can be essential for finding food, escaping predators, or reproducing.

10. Organization: Living organisms are highly organized, with different parts or organs working together to perform specific functions.

In conclusion, living organisms are complex and dynamic systems that possess a set of unique characteristics that allow them to carry out life processes. The ability to grow, reproduce, respond to stimuli, and maintain homeostasis are just a few of the defining features that set living organisms apart from non-living entities.

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Living organisms have the following characteristics (Fig. 1-1). They are made from structures called "cells." They reproduce by genetic material called "DNA." They respond to stimuli from the environment.read more >>