As a scholar in English literature, I have a deep appreciation for the intricacies of Robert Browning's "My Last Duchess." This poem is a quintessential example of a dramatic monologue, a form that allows a character to reveal their innermost thoughts and motivations through a speech directed to a silent listener. The Duke's monologue, ostensibly about his deceased wife, the last duchess, is in fact a window into his own character, his power dynamics, and his views on relationships and control. Let's delve into the elements that make this poem a dramatic monologue.

Characterization through Speech:
The Duke's character is revealed through his own words. His casual dismissal of his wife's death ("'Nay, we were looking at the nine-and-forty portraits, / When that smile...'") and his obsession with her portrait ("'...and certainly painted you / And therefore never bred one moment's unease...'") suggest a chilling lack of empathy and a possessive nature.

Audience and Setting:
The monologue is addressed to an emissary from a potential new bride's family. This setting is crucial as it provides a context for the Duke's speech. He is not merely reminiscing; he is subtly asserting his power and control over the emissary, and by extension, the potential bride.

Irony and Subtext:
The poem is rich with irony. The Duke speaks of his wife's beauty and charm, yet it is clear that these were the very traits that led to her downfall ("'...had you ever any mind / To paint the eyes looking into mine...'"). The subtext of the poem is the Duke's jealousy and his need to control those around him.

Monologue as a Vehicle for Relevation:
The monologue serves as a vehicle for revealing the Duke's true nature. His speech about the last duchess is not just about her; it is about him. His words ("'...I gave commands; / Then all smiles stopped together...'") reveal a man who is used to getting his way and who is willing to go to extreme lengths to maintain his control.

Symbolism:
The portrait of the Duchess is a powerful symbol in the poem. It represents the Duke's idealized vision of his wife, a vision that he could control and possess. The fact that he keeps the portrait after her death is a testament to his obsession and his inability to let go.

Tone and Rhythm:
The tone of the monologue is conversational, yet there is an underlying menace that becomes more apparent as the poem progresses. The rhythm of the poem, with its iambic pentameter, mirrors the Duke's measured speech, suggesting a careful control over his words and his emotions.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, "My Last Duchess" is a dramatic monologue that uses the Duke's speech to reveal his character, his motivations, and his worldview. It is a masterclass in the use of language to convey character and to create a sense of tension and unease. The poem is a testament to Browning's skill as a poet and his understanding of human psychology.

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"My Last Duchess" is a classic example of a dramatic monologue. The duke addresses an emissary who has come to arrange his next marriage. He speaks to him about his dead wife, the "last duchess" of the title. ... Browning's poem is an excellent example of a dramatic monologue.read more >>