### Abstract Expressionism: An Artistic Journey of Freedom and Individuality
Abstract Expressionism is a profound and influential movement in the history of art that emerged in the mid-20th century, primarily in New York City. It is characterized by its emphasis on the individuality of the artist, the freedom of expression, and the exploration of the subconscious. The movement was a reaction to the rigidity of traditional artistic styles and the societal norms of the time, providing a new avenue for artists to express their innermost thoughts and emotions.
#### Origins and Influences
The roots of Abstract Expressionism can be traced back to various sources. It was heavily influenced by European modernism, particularly the Surrealist movement, which encouraged the exploration of the subconscious and the use of abstract imagery. The horrors of World War II had a profound impact on artists, leading to a desire to break free from the past and create something new and different. The movement was also influenced by the ideas of psychoanalysis, particularly the theories of Sigmund Freud, which emphasized the importance of the unconscious mind.
#### The New York School
The New York School, a group of artists who were central to the development of Abstract Expressionism, included such notable figures as Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning, Mark Rothko, and Barnett Newman. These artists were part of a vibrant artistic community in New York that was deeply engaged with the ideas of the time. They were influenced by the European émigrés who brought with them the latest artistic trends and theories from the continent.
#### The First Generation: Action and Color
The first generation of Abstract Expressionists was primarily concerned with the act of painting itself. Artists like Jackson Pollock, known for his "drip paintings," revolutionized the way paint was applied to the canvas. Pollock's technique of dripping and splattering paint onto the canvas created a dynamic visual language that was a stark departure from traditional methods. His work, and that of his contemporaries, emphasized the physical act of painting and the direct connection between the artist's body and the canvas.
#### The Second Generation: Color Field and Gestural Abstraction
The second generation of Abstract Expressionists, including Mark Rothko and Barnett Newman, focused more on the emotional impact of color and form. Rothko's "Color Field" paintings used large, soft-edged rectangles of color to create a sense of depth and emotion. Newman's "zip" paintings featured a single, vertical band of color against a monochromatic background, creating a sense of movement and tension.
#### The Role of the Art World
The rise of Abstract Expressionism was not just an artistic phenomenon but also a cultural one. New York City, with its burgeoning art scene and galleries, became the new center of the art world, supplanting Paris. This shift was facilitated by the efforts of art dealers, critics, and collectors who recognized the significance of the movement and worked to promote it both domestically and internationally.
#### Legacy and Impact
The legacy of Abstract Expressionism is vast and enduring. It paved the way for numerous subsequent art movements, including Pop Art, Minimalism, and Conceptual Art. The movement's emphasis on individual expression and the rejection of traditional artistic norms continues to inspire artists around the world. It also had a significant impact on the broader cultural landscape, influencing literature, music, and film.
#### Conclusion
Abstract Expressionism was not just a style or a school of art; it was a movement that represented a profound shift in the way art was created, perceived, and valued. It was a time when artists were seeking to express their deepest emotions and to communicate a sense of freedom and individuality that was in stark contrast to the societal constraints of the time. The movement's impact on the art world and its legacy are still felt today, a testament to the power of art to transform and inspire.

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Abstract expressionism is a post-CWorld War II art movement in American painting, developed in New York in the 1940s. It was the first specifically American movement to achieve international influence and put New York City at the center of the western art world, a role formerly filled by Paris.read more >>