As a mental health expert, I have spent years studying and treating various mental disorders, including schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder characterized by a range of different symptoms that can affect a person's thoughts, feelings, and behavior. It's important to note that the classification of schizophrenia has evolved over time, and the current understanding is more nuanced than the traditional subtypes.

In the past, schizophrenia was divided into subtypes based on the predominant symptoms observed in individuals. These subtypes included:


1. Paranoid Schizophrenia: This type is characterized by delusions, often of persecution or grandeur, with relatively preserved emotional responses and speech patterns.


2. Disorganized Schizophrenia: Previously known as hebephrenia, this subtype is marked by disorganized speech and behavior, as well as flat or inappropriate emotions.


3. Catatonic Schizophrenia: This form is defined by abnormal motor behaviors, such as stupor, rigidity, or purposeless movements.


4. Undifferentiated Schizophrenia: This category includes individuals who do not fit neatly into the other subtypes but exhibit a mix of symptoms.


5. Residual Schizophrenia: This refers to individuals who have had at least one episode of schizophrenia with active symptoms but are now experiencing fewer symptoms, often with negative symptoms persisting.

However, the **Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)**, which is the standard classification system used by mental health professionals, has moved away from these subtypes. Instead, it focuses on the presence of the disorder itself, recognizing that the symptoms of schizophrenia can vary widely from person to person and over time. The DSM-5 identifies schizophrenia as a single disorder with a range of symptoms that can be present in varying degrees.

The main symptoms of schizophrenia are categorized into three groups:

- Positive Symptoms: These are symptoms that represent an excess or distortion of normal functions, such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech.

- Negative Symptoms: These are the absence or reduction of normal functions, including diminished emotional expression, avolition (lack of motivation), and alogia (paucity of speech).

- Cognitive Symptoms: These involve impairments in memory, attention, and executive functioning.

It's also important to recognize that schizophrenia is a spectrum disorder, meaning that the severity and combination of symptoms can vary greatly among individuals. Treatment approaches are tailored to address the specific symptoms and needs of each person.

Now, let's proceed with the translation.

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Doctors who specialize in mental health used to divide schizophrenia into different subtypes. But that system didn't work well. ... The main disorder is schizophrenia. It includes all the previous subtypes: catatonic, disorganized, paranoid, residual, and undifferentiated.May 30, 2016read more >>