As an expert in the field of philosophy, I can provide a comprehensive overview of what Plato started and his contributions to the field. Plato was one of the most influential philosophers in history, and his ideas have had a profound impact on Western thought. Here is a detailed account of his life and work:

Early Life and Education
Plato was born in Athens around 428/427 BCE. He came from a wealthy and aristocratic family. His mother's family was related to the famous Athenian lawgiver Solon, and his father's family claimed descent from the ancient Athenian kings. Plato was well-educated and was a student of the renowned philosopher Socrates.

**Philosophical Journey and Socratic Dialogues**
Plato's initial interest was in politics, but after the execution of his mentor Socrates in 399 BCE, he turned to philosophy. Socrates' method of questioning, known as the Socratic method, had a significant influence on Plato. This method involves asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to expose the contradictions in one's beliefs.

The Republic
One of Plato's most famous works is "The Republic," which is a dialogue that explores the nature of justice and the ideal state. In this work, Plato presents the concept of the philosopher-king, a ruler who is not only wise and just but also deeply knowledgeable about the nature of reality.

Theory of Forms
Plato is also known for his Theory of Forms, which posits that non-material abstract forms (or ideas) possess the highest and most fundamental kind of reality. According to this theory, the material world we perceive is just a reflection or imitation of these perfect forms.

The Academy
Plato founded the Academy in Athens, which was the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. The Academy was a place where scholars could study mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy. It was a significant step in the development of formal education.

Influence on Later Philosophers
Plato's ideas have influenced countless philosophers, including his most famous student, Aristotle. Aristotle, in turn, influenced many other philosophers, creating a chain of philosophical thought that continues to this day.

Legacy
Plato's legacy is immense. His works have been studied for centuries, and his ideas continue to shape our understanding of philosophy, politics, and ethics. His emphasis on the pursuit of knowledge and the importance of questioning one's beliefs is a testament to his enduring influence.

Plato's life and work represent a significant starting point for Western philosophy. His ideas and methods have been the subject of much debate and interpretation, but there is no denying the profound impact he has had on the field.

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Plato, (born 428/427 bce, Athens, Greece--died 348/347, Athens), ancient Greek philosopher, student of Socrates (c. 470-C399 bce), teacher of Aristotle (384-C322 bce), and founder of the Academy, best known as the author of philosophical works of unparalleled influence.May 11, 2018read more >>