As an expert in the field of electrical safety, I can provide insights into the complex nature of human tolerance to electrical current. The question of the highest voltage a human can survive is not straightforward, as it involves a variety of factors including the current's path through the body, the duration of exposure, the type of current (AC or DC), and individual physiological differences.

**Step 1: Understanding the Basics of Electrical Safety**

The human body is a good conductor of electricity due to the high water content in our tissues. When an electric current passes through the body, it can cause a range of effects from mild tingling to severe burns, cardiac arrest, and even death. The severity of these effects depends on several factors, but primarily on the amount of current (measured in amperes, or A) that flows through the body.

**The Role of Current (I) and Resistance (R)**

The relationship between voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R) is described by Ohm's Law, which states that V = I * R. This means that the current flowing through a person's body depends on the voltage of the source and the body's resistance. The body's resistance can vary widely depending on factors such as skin condition, moisture, and the path the current takes through the body.

The Perils of Current

Currents as low as 1 milliampere (mA) can cause a tingling sensation, while currents between 6 mA to 30 mA can cause muscle contractions that may be strong enough to prevent a person from letting go of the source, a phenomenon known as "let-go current." Above 30 mA, the current can be dangerous, causing severe muscle contractions, breathing difficulties, and cardiac arrest.

Fatalities and the Current Threshold

It is often stated that a current above 50 mA is potentially fatal. However, this is a generalization and the actual threshold can vary. The path the current takes is crucial; a current passing through the heart or the brain is more likely to be fatal than one that passes through other parts of the body.

**The Variable Nature of Voltage and Electrocution**

The voltage that can cause electrocution is not a fixed number. It can vary widely depending on the resistance encountered. For example, a person with a high resistance might survive a higher voltage, while another person with lower resistance might not survive a lower voltage. This is why it's more accurate to talk about the current rather than the voltage when discussing the risk of electrocution.

AC vs. DC

The type of current also plays a significant role. Alternating current (AC) is more dangerous than direct current (DC) because it can cause the muscles to contract and relax in a way that makes it difficult to let go of the source. The frequency of AC can also affect the body's response, with certain frequencies being more dangerous than others.

Individual Differences

There is a wide range of individual susceptibility to electric shock. Factors such as age, health, and even genetic predisposition can influence how a person responds to an electric current.

Safety Precautions

Given these complexities, it's important to approach electrical safety with caution. Always assume that any voltage above the safety threshold can be dangerous. Safety measures such as using insulated tools, wearing rubber-soled shoes, and turning off power when working with electrical equipment can help prevent accidents.

In Conclusion

The highest voltage a human can survive is not a definitive number due to the variability in current, resistance, and individual factors. It's the current, not the voltage, that is the primary determinant of the risk of electrocution. Always prioritize safety when dealing with electricity.

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If its above 50mA then it would fatal. Hence the voltage that can electrocute human being varies depending on the resistance, it can be 230V or 100V or even 50V, 4oV also. So more generally current is considered to decide electrocution.read more >>