As an expert in the field of religious studies with a focus on ancient practices, I can provide an in-depth explanation of the purpose of the altar of burnt offering, which is a significant element in various religious traditions, particularly within the context of ancient Judaism.

The altar of burnt offering, also known as the "mizbeach" in Hebrew, was a central fixture in the ancient Jewish Temple. Its primary purpose was to serve as a place where sacrifices could be made to atone for sins and to offer worship to the deity. The altar was a physical representation of the divine-human connection and was considered a sacred space where the divine presence could be encountered.

### Construction and Design

The altar was meticulously constructed according to the specifications outlined in the Hebrew Bible, specifically in the book of Exodus. It was made from "shittim wood," which is believed to be a type of acacia wood known for its durability and resistance to decay. This wood was then overlaid with brass, a material that was not only visually impressive but also symbolized strength and permanence.

One of the distinctive features of the altar was the presence of "horns" or "keranot" at each of its four corners. These projections were not merely decorative; they held symbolic significance, representing the divine presence and the power of God. The horns were often used in the ritual of the "scapegoat," where the sins of the people were symbolically transferred to the goat before it was sent into the wilderness.

### Functionality and Ritual

The altar was hollow, with the exception of a mesh grate placed inside, halfway down. This grate, known as the "mizbeach mesh," was where the wood was placed for the burning of the sacrifices. The burning of the sacrifices was a crucial part of the ritual, as it symbolized the transformation of the offering into a form that could be accepted by the divine.

The process of offering a sacrifice typically involved the following steps:


1. Selection of the Offering: Animals without blemish were chosen as offerings, symbolizing purity and the best that the worshipper could give.

2. Binding and Presentation: The animal was bound and brought forward as an act of submission and dedication.

3. Slaughter: The priest would slaughter the animal, ensuring that the blood was collected, as blood was considered the seat of life and a crucial element in the atonement process.

4. Burning: The animal's body was then divided, and the parts were placed on the altar to be burned. The smoke from the burning sacrifice would rise as a "pleasing aroma" to God, signifying the acceptance of the offering.

### Symbolism and Theological Significance

The altar of burnt offering held profound theological significance. It was a place where the holiness of God met the sinfulness of humanity. Through the sacrifices made at the altar, the people believed that they could draw near to God, their sins forgiven, and their relationship with the divine restored.

The sacrifices also served as a reminder of the covenant between God and the people of Israel. The ritual acts at the altar were a physical manifestation of the spiritual commitment to follow God's commandments and to live in accordance with His will.

### Conclusion

The altar of burnt offering was more than a mere structure; it was a sacred space that facilitated communication with the divine, a place of atonement, and a symbol of the covenant between God and His people. Its design and the rituals performed there were rich with theological meaning, reflecting the beliefs and values of the ancient Jewish faith.

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It was made of shittim wood, and was overlaid with brass. In each of its four corners projections, called "horns" (keranot), rose up. The altar was hollow, except for a mesh grate which was placed inside halfway down, on which the wood sat for the burning of the sacrifices.read more >>