As a specialist in developmental disorders, I would like to clarify that the term "mental retardation" is now considered outdated and offensive. It has been replaced by the term "intellectual disability" (ID), which is the preferred terminology in contemporary medical and psychological practice.

Intellectual disability is a developmental disorder that is characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. Intellectual functioning refers to general mental capacity, which includes reasoning, learning, problem-solving, and so on. Adaptive behavior encompasses the practical skills needed to live, work, and socialize independently.

The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) provides a framework for understanding intellectual disability, which includes three criteria:


1. Intellectual Functioning: This involves limitations in cognitive abilities such as reasoning, problem-solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from experience.


2. Adaptive Behavior: This refers to the collection of conceptual, social, and practical skills that are learned and performed by individuals to meet the standards of personal independence and social responsibility expected of someone in their age group, cultural background, and community.


3. Onset: The limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior must have manifested during the developmental period, which is before the age of 18.

It is important to recognize that intellectual disability is a spectrum, with varying degrees of severity. It is not a disease or a medical condition that can be cured, but rather a lifelong condition that requires support and understanding. People with intellectual disabilities can lead fulfilling lives with the right accommodations and support.

The term "intellectual disability" is more accurate and respectful than "mental retardation" because it focuses on the limitations in intellectual and adaptive functioning without stigmatizing the individual. It also aligns with the medical and psychological community's understanding of the disorder and promotes a more compassionate and informed approach to supporting individuals with this condition.

Furthermore, it is crucial to understand that intellectual disability is not the result of poor parenting, but rather it can be caused by a variety of factors including genetic disorders, complications during pregnancy, problems during birth, or infections that occur shortly after birth. Early intervention and appropriate support can significantly improve the quality of life for individuals with intellectual disabilities.

In conclusion, the term "mental retardation" has been replaced by "intellectual disability" to reflect a more accurate and respectful understanding of this neurodevelopmental disorder. It is essential to use the correct terminology to promote awareness, reduce stigma, and support individuals with intellectual disabilities in leading meaningful and fulfilling lives.

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Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability, and mental retardation (MR), is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning.read more >>