As an expert in the field of psychology and intellectual development, I would like to address the question regarding the IQ score associated with intellectual disability. It's important to note that the definition and classification of intellectual disability have evolved over time, and there are various criteria used by different organizations and countries. However, I will provide a comprehensive overview based on widely recognized standards.

Step 1: English Answer

Intellectual disability, also known as cognitive or developmental disability, is a term used to describe a condition where an individual has significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior. The **American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD)** and the **Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)** are two authoritative sources that provide guidelines on diagnosing and classifying intellectual disabilities.

According to the AAIDD, an intellectual disability is characterized by:


1. Intelligence Quotient (IQ): A score on a standardized test that is significantly below average, typically between 70-75 or two or more standard deviations below the mean. It's important to note that the specific IQ score used as a cutoff can vary. Historically, an IQ score of 70 or below has been used, but it's recognized that IQ tests have limitations and should not be the sole criterion for diagnosis.


2. Limitations in Adaptive Behavior: This refers to the individual's ability to adapt and respond to everyday demands. It includes various skills such as social and practical skills that are necessary for personal autonomy. Limitations can be seen in areas like communication, self-care, home living, social skills, across-the-community skills, health and safety, functional academics, leisure, and work.


3. Onset during the developmental period: The limitations must manifest before the age of 18, which is considered the developmental period for cognitive and adaptive skills.

It's crucial to understand that an IQ score alone does not diagnose intellectual disability. The assessment must be comprehensive, taking into account the individual's adaptive behavior and considering the cultural and linguistic diversity of the person being assessed. Additionally, the diagnosis should be made by a qualified professional, such as a psychologist or a developmental pediatrician, who can interpret the results of various assessments in the context of the individual's overall development and life circumstances.

The DSM-5 also outlines a similar framework for diagnosing intellectual disability, emphasizing the importance of considering adaptive functioning alongside IQ scores. The DSM-5 criteria include:

- **Mild Intellectual Disability (IQ 50–69 or 70)**: The majority of individuals with this level of disability can acquire academic skills up to approximately the sixth grade level. They generally require some support in social and adaptive skills.

- **Moderate Intellectual Disability (IQ 35–40 to 50)**: Individuals with this level of disability can often learn to read and write a little, though they may not achieve functional literacy.

- **Severe Intellectual Disability (IQ 20–25 to 35)**: These individuals may learn to communicate basic needs and may be able to perform some self-care tasks with support.

- **Profound Intellectual Disability (IQ below 20 or 25)**: This is the most severe level, where individuals typically have significant limitations in all areas of functioning and require extensive support.

It's also worth mentioning that the concept of intellectual disability is not static. There is a growing emphasis on supporting individuals to reach their full potential, regardless of their IQ score. This includes providing appropriate educational, vocational, and social opportunities that can enhance their quality of life.

Step 2: Separator

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Intellectual disability is a below-average cognitive ability with three (3) characteristics: Intelligent quotient (or I.Q.) is between 70-75 or below. Significant limitations in adaptive behaviors (the ability to adapt and carry on everyday life activities such as self-care, socializing, communicating, etc.)read more >>