As an expert in the field of written communication, I have been involved in crafting and analyzing letters for various purposes. A well-structured letter is crucial for conveying your message effectively and professionally. When it comes to the composition of a friendly letter, there are five main parts that are typically included. Let's delve into each part in detail:

### Heading
The heading is the top part of the letter where you include your address and the date. This is important for providing context and a point of reference for the recipient. The address is often omitted in friendly letters, especially if you are writing to someone you know well, but the date is always included to keep track of the correspondence.

### Greeting
The greeting is the salutation you use to address the recipient. It's customary to start with a warm and friendly tone, often beginning with "Dear" followed by the person's name. The greeting sets the tone for the rest of the letter and is a way to show respect and familiarity.

### Body
The body is the main text of your letter where you express your thoughts, feelings, or information you wish to convey. It's typically divided into paragraphs, each focusing on a single idea or topic. The body should be clear, concise, and well-organized to make it easy for the recipient to follow your thoughts.

### Closing
The closing is a short, capitalized expression that precedes your signature. It's a polite way to end the letter and can vary depending on the level of formality and your relationship with the recipient. Common closings include "Sincerely," "Best regards," or "Yours truly," followed by a comma.

### Signature
Your signature is the act of signing your name directly below the closing. It's a personal and authenticating touch that finalizes the letter. In friendly letters, especially in digital communication, the signature is often replaced by the typed name of the sender.

### Postscript (P.S)
The postscript, often abbreviated as "P.S.," is an additional note that comes after your signature. It's used when you remember something important after finishing the main body of the letter or when you want to add a final, personal touch.

Now, let's transition into the Chinese translation of the above explanation:

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5 Parts of a Friendly Letterheading. includes the address and the date.greeting. usually starts with 'Dear' and is followed by the person's name.body. the body or main text of your letter.closing. a short, capitalized expression followed by a comma.signature. sign your name directly below the closing.postscript. P.S add a note.read more >>