As a domain name system (DNS) expert, I can provide you with an in-depth understanding of how DNS works and its significance in the internet infrastructure. The DNS is a critical component of the internet, enabling users to access websites and other online resources using human-readable domain names instead of the numerical IP addresses that computers use to communicate.

The DNS is a hierarchical, distributed database that translates domain names into IP addresses. When you type a URL into your web browser, the DNS system is queried to resolve that domain name into the corresponding IP address. This process is known as "resolving" a domain name. The DNS resolution process involves several steps:


1. Local DNS Cache Check: The first step in the DNS resolution process is to check the local DNS cache on your computer or device. This cache stores recently resolved domain names and their corresponding IP addresses to speed up future requests.


2. Recursive DNS Queries: If the domain name is not found in the local cache, the request is forwarded to a recursive DNS server. This server acts as an intermediary between the user and the authoritative DNS servers.


3. Root Name Server Query: The recursive DNS server begins the resolution process by querying the root name servers. These servers do not contain the actual IP addresses but rather provide information on where to find the next level of the DNS hierarchy.


4. Top-Level Domain (TLD) Server Query: Once the root server provides the address of the appropriate TLD server (e.g., .com, .org, .net), the recursive server queries this TLD server for the domain in question.


5. Authoritative Name Server Query: The TLD server then points the recursive server to the authoritative name server for the specific domain. This authoritative server holds the actual DNS records for the domain.


6. IP Address Retrieval: Finally, the recursive server retrieves the IP address associated with the domain name from the authoritative name server and returns it to the user's device.

7.
DNS Response: The user's device receives the IP address and can then establish a connection with the web server hosting the website.

This process is typically very fast, often taking less than a second. However, it's important to note that DNS can be influenced by various factors such as caching policies, DNS server configurations, and network conditions.

DNS also plays a role in other internet services, such as email routing and network security. For example, the MX (Mail Exchange) records in DNS are used to direct email messages to the appropriate mail server.

In terms of security, DNS can be vulnerable to various attacks, such as DNS spoofing and cache poisoning, where malicious actors attempt to redirect users to fake websites. To mitigate these risks, DNSSEC (DNS Security Extensions) was developed to add a layer of security by digitally signing DNS records to ensure their authenticity and integrity.

As for the server address you're inquiring about, it's important to clarify that DNS is a system rather than a single server. Each domain has its own set of DNS servers, and there are multiple levels of DNS servers, including root servers, TLD servers, and authoritative name servers. The specific server address you would need depends on the domain name you are trying to resolve.

Now, let's proceed to the translation of the above explanation into Chinese.

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The Domain Name System (DNS) is the naming system for computer services or other resources that connect to the World Wide Web. The DNS renames the IP addresses of the visited websites to a more user-friendly name. For instance, the DNS will rename the IP address 64.233.189.147 to www.google.com.read more >>