As an expert in international travel regulations, I can provide you with a detailed answer regarding the age requirements for children traveling abroad. The rules can vary depending on the country of destination, the airline, and the specific circumstances of the trip. However, I will outline some general guidelines that are commonly observed.
Step 1: English Answer
The age at which a child can travel abroad without an adult depends on several factors, including the destination country's laws, the airline's policies, and the mode of travel. Here is a comprehensive overview:

1. **Airlines' Unaccompanied Minor Policies**: Many airlines have specific policies for unaccompanied minors (UMs). Typically, children who are 5 to 11 years old may be eligible to travel as unaccompanied minors, but they will require supervision and may incur an additional fee. The exact age range and conditions can vary by airline.


2. Destination Country's Laws: Some countries have legal requirements for children traveling without a guardian. For instance, certain countries may require a notarized affidavit of consent from a parent or legal guardian when a child is traveling with someone who is not their parent or legal guardian.


3. Travel Documentation: Regardless of age, all travelers, including children, need a valid passport to enter and leave a foreign country. Visa requirements may also apply, depending on the destination.


4. Forms of Indemnity: As you mentioned, for children aged 12 to 15, some airlines may allow them to travel unaccompanied but require an adult to sign a Form of Indemnity at the airport check-in desk on the day of departure. This form typically releases the airline from liability for the child's welfare during the journey.


5. Accompanying Adults: Children under the age of 12 are generally required to be accompanied by an adult who is at least 16 years old or older. This is to ensure the child's safety and well-being throughout the journey.


6. Safety and Welfare: The primary concern for airlines and travel authorities is the safety and welfare of children. Therefore, even when a child is legally allowed to travel without an adult, it is essential to consider the child's maturity level and the specific circumstances of the trip.

7.
Special Circumstances: There may be exceptions or additional requirements for children traveling in special circumstances, such as those with disabilities or health issues.

8.
Travel Insurance: It is highly recommended to have travel insurance that covers the child, especially when they are traveling without an adult.

9.
Communication: Ensure that the child has a way to communicate with their guardians or designated contacts during the trip. This can include a mobile phone or a pre-arranged communication plan.

10.
Preparation: It is crucial to prepare the child for the trip, including understanding the importance of following instructions from airline staff and knowing what to do in case of an emergency.

In conclusion, while there is no one-size-fits-all answer, most children over the age of 12 can travel without an adult, but they may need to fulfill certain conditions. For children under 12, an adult's accompaniment is typically required. It is always best to check the specific policies of the airline and the laws of the destination country before planning any trip.

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Children 12-15 years old: May travel unaccompanied, however, an adult must sign the Form of Indemnity the day of flight departure at the airport check-in desk. Children without this completed form will not be allowed to fly. Children under the age of 12: Must be accompanied by an adult 16 years or older.Sep 12, 2017read more >>