As a domain expert in psychology, I'm glad to delve into the four primary goals that have been established as fundamental to the field. These goals provide a framework for understanding the various approaches and methodologies used by psychologists to study human behavior and mental processes.

1. Describing Behavior:
The first goal of psychology is to describe behavior. This involves the systematic observation and documentation of what people do, how they think, and how they feel. This can be done through various methods, including naturalistic observation, surveys, and case studies. The goal here is to create an accurate and detailed account of behavior without making assumptions about the underlying causes or reasons.

2. Explaining Behavior:
Once behavior has been described, the next step is to explain it. This involves developing theories and models that can account for why certain behaviors occur. Explanations in psychology often involve identifying the psychological processes and mechanisms that underlie behavior, such as cognitive, emotional, and social factors. For example, a psychologist might explain aggression by looking at factors like frustration, social learning, and biological influences.

3. Predicting Behavior:
The third goal is to predict behavior. This involves using the theories and principles developed through description and explanation to forecast future behavior. Prediction is crucial in many areas of psychology, from clinical practice, where predicting the likelihood of a patient's relapse can inform treatment, to industrial-organizational psychology, where predicting job performance can guide hiring decisions.

4. Changing Behavior:
The final goal of psychology is to change behavior. This is particularly important in applied areas of psychology, such as therapy and counseling, where the ultimate goal is to help individuals improve their mental health and well-being. Changing behavior can also be a goal in areas like education, where the aim might be to improve students' learning outcomes, or in public health, where the goal might be to encourage healthier lifestyles.

It's important to note that these goals are not strictly linear or sequential. They often overlap and inform one another. For example, the process of changing behavior often feeds back into the process of describing and explaining behavior, as psychologists observe the effects of their interventions and refine their theories accordingly.

Psychology is a diverse and dynamic field that encompasses a wide range of sub-disciplines, from clinical and counseling psychology to social, developmental, and cognitive psychology. Despite this diversity, the four primary goals of describing, explaining, predicting, and changing behavior provide a common framework that unites the field and guides its progress.

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So as you have learned, the four primary goals of psychology are to describe, explain, predict, and change behavior.Feb 26, 2018read more >>