I'm an expert in history with a particular focus on the 20th century, and I'd be glad to provide you with a detailed answer to your question regarding the Vietnam War and the U.S. president associated with its withdrawal.

The Vietnam War was a long, bloody conflict that took place from November 1, 1955, to April 30, 1975. It was fought between communist North Vietnam, supported by the Soviet Union, China, and other communist allies, and South Vietnam, supported by the United States and other anti-communist allies. The war was a significant event in the Cold War, and it was also a part of the larger conflict known as the Second Indochina War.

Richard Nixon, who became the 37th President of the United States in January 1969, is the president most closely associated with the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Vietnam. Nixon's policy towards Vietnam was encapsulated in what he called "Vietnamization," which was a strategy to gradually withdraw American forces from Vietnam while increasing the military capabilities of South Vietnam to take over the fight against the communist North.

Vietnamization was a complex and controversial policy. It involved a two-pronged approach: first, the withdrawal of U.S. combat troops, which was done in stages, and second, the provision of financial and military support to the South Vietnamese government and its army, known as the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN). The goal was to enable South Vietnam to defend itself without direct U.S. military involvement.

However, Nixon's presidency also saw some of the most intense and controversial moments of the war. In April 1970, Nixon ordered U.S. troops and South Vietnamese forces to invade Cambodia, a move that was intended to disrupt North Vietnamese supply lines and sanctuaries. This invasion, known as the Cambodian Campaign, was highly controversial and led to widespread protests in the United States.

Similarly, in February 1971, Nixon expanded the war into Laos, with the goal of cutting off the Ho Chi Minh Trail, a network of paths used by the North Vietnamese and the Viet Cong to infiltrate South Vietnam. These operations, while part of Nixon's broader strategy to pressure North Vietnam into negotiations, also led to further escalation and suffering.

Despite these actions, Nixon's administration continued to pursue peace negotiations with North Vietnam. The Paris Peace Accords were signed on January 27, 1973, which established a cease-fire and the withdrawal of remaining U.S. forces from Vietnam. However, the war did not end with the signing of the accords. Fighting continued between North and South Vietnam, and it was not until April 30, 1975, that North Vietnam captured Saigon, effectively ending the war and leading to the reunification of Vietnam under communist control.

In summary, Richard Nixon is the president who initiated the process of withdrawing U.S. troops from Vietnam and sought to bring the war to a close through a combination of military action and diplomatic negotiations. His policies and actions during this period were controversial and had significant impacts on both the course of the war and the perception of U.S. foreign policy.

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Richard NixonRichard Nixon, who became US president in 1969, began Vietnamisation - pulling US troops out but giving financial support to the South Vietnamese army (the ARVN). On occasions, the US escalated the war, launching attacks into Cambodia (1970) and Laos (1971) to pursue the Vietcong who were hiding there.read more >>