As an expert in the field of Islamic studies and cultural anthropology, I have a deep understanding of the diversity within the Muslim community across the globe, including Pakistan. It's important to note that the Muslim population in Pakistan is not a monolithic entity; rather, it is composed of various sects, ethnic groups, and cultural practices that contribute to the rich tapestry of Islamic life in the country.

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Pakistan, being a country with a predominantly Muslim population, is home to a variety of Muslim communities, each with its own unique characteristics and practices. Here's a comprehensive look at the different kinds of Muslims in Pakistan:

Sunni Muslims: As the CIA World Factbook and Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies suggest, the majority of Pakistani Muslims belong to the Sunni sect. The Sunni Hanafi Madhhab, one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence, is the most prevalent among them. Sunnis follow the traditions of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad, known as the Sahaba, and they believe in the consensus of the community (Ijma) as a source of Islamic law. The Sunni population in Pakistan is estimated to range from 75% to 95% of the total Muslim population.

Shia Muslims: Shia Muslims form a significant minority in Pakistan. They differ from Sunnis in their belief about the rightful successor to the Prophet Muhammad, recognizing Ali, the Prophet's cousin and son-in-law, as the first Imam. Shias are further divided into sub-sects such as Twelvers, Ismailis, and Zaidis, with Twelvers being the most common in Pakistan. They observe distinct religious practices and festivals, including Ashura, which commemorates the martyrdom of Imam Hussain, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad.

Sufism: Sufism, a mystical dimension of Islam, has a long history in Pakistan and has played a crucial role in shaping the religious and cultural landscape of the country. Sufi saints, known as Pirs or Murshids, are revered for their spiritual wisdom and their ability to guide individuals on the path of spiritual enlightenment. Sufi shrines, or Dargahs, are important centers of religious activity where followers gather to pay respects, seek blessings, and participate in Urs, the annual death anniversary of a Sufi saint.

Barelvi Sect: The Barelvi sect is a sub-sect of Sunni Islam that is particularly prominent in Pakistan. They are known for their emphasis on the veneration of the Prophet Muhammad and the importance of following his example (Sunnah). The Barelvi sect is also associated with the celebration of the Mawlid, the Prophet's birthday, and they often engage in practices that are seen as more emotional and devotional, such as singing and dancing during religious gatherings.

Deobandi and Ahl-e-Hadith: These are two other significant strands within the Sunni tradition in Pakistan. The Deobandi movement, named after the Darul Uloom Deoband in India, is characterized by its focus on puritanical interpretation of Islam, strict adherence to the Quran and Hadith, and a critical stance on certain practices of Sufism. The Ahl-e-Hadith, on the other hand, emphasize a literal interpretation of the Quran and Hadith and reject the use of analogy (Qiyas) in deriving Islamic law.

Ethnic Diversity: The Muslim population in Pakistan is also ethnically diverse, with significant populations of Punjabis, Pashtuns, Sindhis, Baloch, and Muhajirs (Muslims who migrated from India during the partition). Each ethnic group brings its own cultural practices and traditions to the religious milieu, contributing to the diversity of Islamic expression in the country.

Cultural and Linguistic Variations: The cultural and linguistic diversity within the Muslim community in Pakistan is another important aspect. Urdu, the national language, is widely spoken, but many Muslims also speak regional languages such as Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto, and Balochi. This linguistic diversity is reflected in the rich array of Islamic literature, poetry, and religious discourse that exists in the country.

In conclusion, the Muslim community in Pakistan is a complex and diverse one, with a multitude of sects, ethnicities, and cultural practices that coexist and interact in a vibrant and dynamic religious landscape.

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According to the CIA World Factbook and Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies, 95-97% of the total population of Pakistan is Muslim. The majority of the Pakistani Muslims belong to the Sunni Hanafi Madhhab (school of jurisprudence). Estimates on the Sunni population in Pakistan ranges from 75% to 95%.read more >>