As an expert in cultural and historical symbolism, I can provide a detailed explanation of the symbols on the Iraqi flag. The flag of Iraq is rich with meaning, reflecting the country's history, culture, and aspirations. It is a horizontal tricolor of red, white, and black, with the addition of the takbir (Allahu akbar, "God is [the] greatest") in green Kufic script. Let's break down the elements of this flag.

Red: The red stripe is a symbol of the struggle and sacrifice made by the people of Iraq. It represents the blood shed during the fight for independence and the sacrifices made to protect the nation's sovereignty. Red is also a common color in many flags around the world, often associated with bravery, strength, and valor.

White: The white stripe symbolizes peace and purity. It is a color that often represents a clean slate and a fresh start. In the context of Iraq's flag, it may also be seen as a symbol of the country's aspirations for a peaceful and prosperous future.

Black: The black stripe is a symbol of oppression and the dark times that the country has endured. It serves as a reminder of the hardships faced by the Iraqi people and the resilience with which they have overcome adversity.

Takbir (Allahu akbar): The phrase "Allahu akbar" is a declaration of faith and is a common phrase used in Islamic prayers. Its inclusion on the flag is a testament to the country's strong Islamic identity and a reminder of the spiritual values that are deeply rooted in Iraqi society.

Green Kufic Script: The use of the green color and the Kufic script is significant. Green is often associated with Islam and is a color that holds great religious significance in the region. The Kufic script is one of the oldest calligraphic forms of the Arabic alphabet and is used here to give a sense of historical continuity and cultural heritage.

The flag of Iraq also includes the three equal horizontal stripes of the Arab Liberation flag, which is a symbol of pan-Arabism and unity among Arab nations. This reflects Iraq's place within the Arab world and its commitment to the ideals of Arab unity and solidarity.

In conclusion, the Iraqi flag is a powerful symbol that encapsulates the country's history, its struggles, its aspirations for peace, and its deep Islamic and cultural identity. Each element of the flag has been carefully chosen to represent different aspects of the Iraqi experience and to convey a message of strength, unity, and faith.

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Design. A horizontal tricolour of red, white, and black, charged with the takb--r (Allahu akbar, "God is [the] greatest") in green Kufic script, centered on the white stripe. The flag of Iraq (Arabic: ??? ???????) includes the three equal horizontal red, white, and black stripes of the Arab Liberation flag.read more >>