As an expert in cultural and historical studies, I have a deep understanding of the world's renowned cities. Damascus, the capital of Syria, is a city that has captivated historians and travelers alike for millennia. It is a city that has seen the rise and fall of empires, the exchange of ideas, and the fusion of cultures. Here's a detailed look at what Damascus is famous for: 1. Ancient History: Damascus is renowned for its ancient history. As you mentioned, historical and archaeological sources bear witness to its origins dating back to the third millennium BC. This makes Damascus one of the oldest continually inhabited cities in the world, a testament to its enduring significance throughout human history. 2. Cultural Mosaic: The city is famous for its cultural diversity. Over the centuries, Damascus has been a melting pot of various civilizations, including the Arameans, Romans, Byzantines, Umayyads, and Ottomans. Each of these cultures has left its mark, contributing to the city's rich tapestry of traditions and customs. 3. Architectural Marvels: Damascus is home to many architectural wonders. The Great Mosque of Damascus, also known as the Umayyad Mosque, is a prime example. It is not only a significant religious site for Muslims but also a monument of immense historical and architectural value. The mosque's intricate designs and the stories it holds are a testament to the Umayyad's artistic prowess and the city's importance as a cultural and religious center. 4. Old City: The Old City of Damascus is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is famous for its narrow, winding streets, ancient markets known as souks, and traditional houses with overhanging wooden balconies. The Old City is a living museum that offers a glimpse into the past, with each district having its own unique character and history. 5. Walled City: The city is also famous for its city walls. These walls have stood the test of time and have been a symbol of the city's resilience. They have been rebuilt and expanded by various rulers, reflecting the city's strategic importance and the desire to protect its treasures. 6. Craftsmanship: Damascus is well-known for its traditional crafts. The city has a long history of producing high-quality goods, including the famous Damascus steel, which was renowned for its distinctive patterns and exceptional quality. Additionally, the city is known for its embroidery, glassware, and woodwork, all of which showcase the skill and artistry of its people. 7. Literature and Poetry: The city has a rich literary tradition. Many famous poets and writers have been inspired by Damascus, and the city has been immortalized in literature and poetry. It is a place that has inspired deep thought and creative expression. 8. Natural Beauty: Damascus is also famous for its natural beauty. The city is situated near the Barada River, and its gardens and parks are a testament to the region's agricultural wealth. The surrounding countryside is lush and fertile, providing a stark contrast to the arid landscapes typical of the region. 9. Cuisine: The city's cuisine is another aspect that Damascus is famous for. Syrian food is a blend of flavors and culinary traditions from across the region. Dishes like kebabs, hummus, falafel, and baklava are just a few examples of the delicious food that has made its way from Damascus to tables around the world. 10. Religious Significance: Lastly, Damascus holds a special place in the hearts of many due to its religious significance. It is considered holy by several religions, including Christianity and Islam, and has been a destination for pilgrims and spiritual seekers for centuries. Damascus, with its rich history, vibrant culture, and enduring legacy, continues to be a city that is famous for its many contributions to human civilization. read more >>

Criterion (iii): Historical and archaeological sources testify to origins in the third millennium BC, and Damascus is widely known as among the oldest continually inhabited cities in the world. The incomparable Great Mosque is a rare and extremely significant monument of the Umayyads.read more >>