As an expert in the field of international relations and conflict resolution, I have been closely monitoring the situation in Sudan, which is a complex and multifaceted issue. It is important to note that the conflict in Sudan is not a singular event, but rather a series of intertwined conflicts that have been ongoing for decades, with various factions and parties involved at different times. Step 1: English Answer The conflict in Sudan is primarily centered around the struggle for power, resources, and ideological differences between different groups within the country. The primary parties involved in the conflict are the government forces, led by President Salva Kiir, and the rebel forces, which are primarily represented by the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition (SPLM-IO), led by Riek Machar. The roots of the conflict can be traced back to the First Sudanese Civil War, which lasted from 1955 to 1972, and the Second Sudanese Civil War, which lasted from 1983 to 2005. These wars were largely fought along ethnic and religious lines, with the predominantly Christian and animist South Sudanese population fighting against the predominantly Muslim and Arab North Sudanese government. In December 2013, fighting broke out again, this time within South Sudan itself, following a political dispute between President Salva Kiir and his then-Vice President Riek Machar. President Kiir accused Machar of attempting a coup, a claim that Machar has consistently denied. This internal conflict has led to a humanitarian crisis, with over a million people being displaced from their homes. The situation is further complicated by the involvement of regional and international actors, who have their own interests in the region. Neighboring countries such as Uganda, Kenya, and Ethiopia have been involved in peacekeeping efforts, while global powers like the United States, China, and Russia have also played roles in the conflict, either through direct intervention or by providing support to one side or the other. The conflict has also been characterized by numerous ceasefires and peace agreements, which have been repeatedly violated by both sides. This has led to a cycle of violence and instability that has been difficult to break. In addition to the political and military aspects of the conflict, there are also significant humanitarian concerns. The ongoing fighting has led to widespread suffering among the civilian population, with many people facing food shortages, lack of access to clean water and healthcare, and the constant threat of violence. Efforts to resolve the conflict have been ongoing, with various international organizations and regional bodies playing a role. The African Union, for example, has been involved in mediating peace talks and facilitating negotiations between the warring parties. However, progress has been slow, and the situation remains volatile. In conclusion, the conflict in Sudan is a complex issue with deep historical roots and a multitude of parties involved. It is a situation that requires a nuanced understanding of the various factors at play, as well as a commitment to finding a peaceful and lasting solution that addresses the underlying causes of the conflict and addresses the needs of the affected populations. Step 2: Separator read more >>

More than a million people have fled their homes in South Sudan since fighting broke out in December between government and rebel forces. President Salva Kiir says it was a coup attempt, blaming soldiers loyal to former Vice-President Riek Machar for the trouble, but Mr Machar denies this.read more >>