As an expert in international relations and historical events, I can provide a detailed account of the Taliban's rise and control over Afghanistan. The Taliban, a group that emerged in the mid-1990s from the chaos of the Afghan Civil War, is a hardline Islamic movement that adheres to a strict interpretation of Sharia law. Their initial rise to power was swift and marked by a series of military victories that allowed them to establish control over a significant portion of Afghanistan. The First Takeover (1996): The Taliban first took over Afghanistan in September 1996. At the time, Afghanistan was in a state of civil war, with various factions vying for control following the withdrawal of Soviet forces in 1989. The Taliban, largely composed of Pashtun students and refugees who had been educated in Pakistan, capitalized on the widespread discontent with the warlordism and corruption that plagued the country. They promised to bring law and order, and their disciplined military approach quickly gained them support. Establishment of the Islamic Emirate: After taking control of the capital, Kabul, in September 1996, the Taliban declared the establishment of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. They moved the capital to Kandahar, which became the center of their rule. During this period, the Taliban imposed a strict regime that enforced a harsh interpretation of Islamic law, which included severe restrictions on women's rights and public executions. Control and International Recognition: The Taliban's control over Afghanistan was not universally recognized. While some countries, primarily Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, recognized the Islamic Emirate, many others, including the United States and most Western nations, did not. The Taliban's rule was marked by human rights abuses and a lack of basic services for the Afghan population. Overthrow (2001): The Taliban's rule came to an end in late 2001 following the American-led invasion of Afghanistan, which was initiated in response to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the United States. The invasion, known as Operation Enduring Freedom, aimed to dismantle the Taliban regime and deny Al-Qaeda, which was harbored by the Taliban, a safe base of operations. Post-Invasion and Resurgence: After the invasion, a new government was established in Afghanistan, but the Taliban did not disappear. They regrouped and continued to wage an insurgency against the new government and international forces. Despite significant military efforts by the United States and its allies, the Taliban maintained a strong presence in certain parts of the country. Recent Developments: It's important to note that the situation in Afghanistan is fluid and has seen significant changes in recent years. For the most accurate and up-to-date information, it's crucial to consult the latest sources and reports. Now, let's proceed with the translation of the above information into Chinese. read more >>

The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan was established in 1996 and the Afghan capital was transferred to Kandahar. It held control of most of the country until being overthrown after the American-led invasion of Afghanistan in December 2001 following the September 11 attacks.read more >>