As a botanist with a keen interest in plant taxonomy and ethnobotany, I am well-versed in the diverse properties of various plant species, including their potential toxicity and medicinal uses. When it comes to the topic of lotus flowers and their potential toxicity, it is essential to distinguish between different parts of the plant and their respective uses and effects.

The lotus, scientifically known as *Nelumbo nucifera*, is a perennial aquatic plant that has been revered in many cultures, particularly in Asia, for its beauty and symbolic significance. It is often associated with purity and enlightenment due to its ability to rise and bloom above the muddy waters where it grows. The lotus flower itself is not poisonous and has been traditionally used in various forms of traditional medicine, particularly in Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine.

The lotus flower is composed of several parts, each with its own properties and uses. The seeds, or lotus nuts, are edible and are often used in cooking, especially in soups and desserts. They are rich in nutrients and are considered a healthy food source. The rhizome, or stem, of the lotus plant is also edible and can be consumed after cooking. It is used in a variety of dishes and is known for its mild, sweet flavor.

However, it is crucial to note that while the flowers and many parts of the lotus plant are not toxic and are safe for consumption, there are other aquatic plants that may resemble the lotus but are indeed toxic. For instance, the water lily, which you mentioned in your reference, is a different plant with different properties. Water lilies, belonging to the family Nymphaeaceae, have flowers that are similar in appearance to lotus flowers but belong to a different genus and species. Some species of water lilies can be toxic, and their consumption is not recommended.

The confusion between lotus and water lilies is understandable due to their similar appearance. Both plants have large, showy flowers that float on or above the water's surface. However, there are distinguishing features. As you noted, lotus leaves are fully circular with stems in the center, and they generally stand proud of the water surface. Water lilies, on the other hand, have leaves with a notch at the base, and their flowers may not stand as tall above the water.

Regarding the psychoactive and anesthetic properties mentioned, it is worth mentioning that the lotus has been used in traditional medicine for its calming and sedative effects. Some parts of the lotus plant contain compounds that can have mild psychoactive effects, but these are not typically associated with toxicity. It is always recommended to use such plants under the guidance of a knowledgeable practitioner to ensure safety and efficacy.

In conclusion, while the lotus flower itself is not poisonous, it is important to correctly identify the plant and its parts to avoid confusion with potentially toxic look-alikes such as water lilies. The lotus has been a valuable part of traditional medicine and cuisine for centuries, and with proper knowledge and respect for the plant, it can continue to be a source of nourishment and healing.

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Lotus leaves are fully circular with stems in the center, no notch, and generally stand proud of the water surface (see flower photo below). Flowers of both are similar and both are noted for mild psychoactive and anesthetic properties. Water lily plants are not so edible and may be toxic.read more >>