As a gemologist with extensive experience in the study of precious stones, I can provide an in-depth understanding of sapphires and their colors. It's a common misconception that sapphires are always blue. In fact, the sapphire is a gemstone that comes in a wide array of colors, with blue being the most well-known and sought-after variety. The term "sapphire" is used to describe corundum crystals of gemstone quality that are not red; red corundum is specifically called a ruby. Sapphires and Their Colors: The color of a sapphire is determined by the presence of certain elements within the corundum crystal structure. While blue sapphires are the most famous, they can also be found in a spectrum of colors, including pink, yellow, green, orange, purple, and even colorless. The intensity and hue of the color can vary significantly, which is why sapphires are graded based on their color saturation and purity. Blue Sapphires: The intense blue of a sapphire is indeed caused by the presence of titanium and iron in the corundum crystal. The exact proportions and distribution of these elements can influence the shade of blue, ranging from a pale, almost icy blue to a rich, deep, and velvety blue. The most highly valued blue sapphires are those with a pure, vivid blue color that is often described as "cornflower blue." Other Color Varieties: - Padparadscha Sapphires: These are a rare and highly prized variety of sapphire that exhibits a unique salmon color, often with a hint of pink. The color is due to a delicate balance of chromium and iron in the crystal structure. - Yellow Sapphires: Also known as "fancy sapphires," these stones are colored by traces of iron and titanium. The color can range from pale yellow to a rich, canary yellow. - Green Sapphires: The green color in sapphires is typically a result of iron and perhaps a small amount of vanadium or chromium. These can have a grassy green hue or a more vibrant emerald green. - Purple and Violet Sapphires: The purple and violet hues are often due to the presence of vanadium. These stones are less common and can be quite beautiful, with colors that can range from pale lavender to deep violet. Hardness and Brilliance: Sapphires are among the most brilliant and hard gemstones, second only to diamonds in terms of hardness on the Mohs scale. This makes them an excellent choice for jewelry that will be worn daily, as they are resistant to scratching and abrasion. Cultural Significance: Sapphires have been cherished for centuries for their beauty and durability. They have been used in royal regalia and are often associated with nobility and romance. The blue sapphire, in particular, is a symbol of loyalty and trust. In conclusion, while blue is the most iconic color for sapphires, these gemstones are available in a wide range of colors, each with its own unique characteristics and appeal. The color of a sapphire is influenced by the trace elements within its crystal structure, and the variety of colors available makes sapphires a versatile and enchanting choice for collectors and jewelry enthusiasts alike. read more >>

Corundum crystals of gemstone quality in any color other than red are called sapphires, while red varieties are called rubies. These are among the most brilliant and hard gemstones; only diamonds are harder. The intense blue of the sapphire is caused by the addition of titanium and iron to the mineral corundum.read more >>