As a medical expert with extensive knowledge in pharmacology, I'm well-versed in the effects of various medications, including Plaquenil, which is the brand name for hydroxychloroquine. It's important to note that while Plaquenil can be an effective treatment for certain conditions such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, it also comes with potential long-term side effects that patients should be aware of. It's crucial for healthcare providers to weigh the benefits against the risks when prescribing this medication.

Long-term Side Effects of Plaquenil:


1. Ocular Toxicity: One of the most serious long-term side effects is retinal damage, which can lead to vision changes or even vision loss. This damage is often irreversible and can occur without noticeable symptoms initially. Regular eye exams are recommended for patients on long-term treatment with Plaquenil to monitor for any signs of retinal toxicity.


2. Cardiac Effects: Plaquenil has the potential to cause heart rhythm problems, particularly when taken in high doses or in combination with other medications that affect the heart. This can lead to conditions such as QT prolongation, which increases the risk of a potentially life-threatening abnormal heart rhythm called torsades de pointes.


3. Neurological Issues: Some patients may experience neurological side effects such as muscle weakness, which can be a sign of a more serious condition called myopathy. Seizures are another potential side effect, particularly in individuals with a history of seizures or those taking other medications that lower the seizure threshold.


4. Gastrointestinal Disturbances: Long-term use of Plaquenil can lead to gastrointestinal problems including severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. These symptoms can be indicative of more serious issues and should be reported to a healthcare provider.


5. Respiratory Problems: Shortness of breath can occur with Plaquenil use and may be a sign of a lung problem, such as interstitial lung disease, which is a condition that affects the tissue surrounding the air sacs in the lungs.


6. Hematological Effects: Plaquenil can affect the blood, leading to issues such as anemia, leukopenia (low white blood cell count), and thrombocytopenia (low platelet count). Regular blood tests are often required to monitor these parameters.

7.
Dermatological Reactions: Some patients may develop skin reactions such as rashes or itching, which can be a sign of an allergic reaction to the medication.

8.
Psychiatric Effects: Mood changes and psychiatric symptoms like depression and anxiety have been reported with the use of Plaquenil.

9.
Hearing Loss: Although less common, there have been reports of hearing loss associated with the use of Plaquenil.

10.
Risk of Infection: Like other immunosuppressive drugs, Plaquenil can increase the risk of infections, as it can lower the body's immune response.

It's important for patients to be aware of these potential side effects and to report any new or worsening symptoms to their healthcare provider. The decision to continue treatment with Plaquenil should be based on a careful assessment of the benefits and risks, and it may involve regular monitoring and testing to ensure the medication's safety and efficacy.

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Rare side effects:Vision changes/loss of vision: There is a chance that retinal damage will occur while taking hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) or chloroquine (Aralen). ... Seeing light flashes/streaks/halos/blacked out areas of vision.Muscle weakness.Severe abdominal pain.Severe nausea/vomiting.Seizures.Shortness of breath.More items...read more >>