As an expert in the field of ophthalmology, I can provide you with a detailed explanation of the effects of Plaquenil on the eyes. Plaquenil, also known as hydroxychloroquine, is a medication that has been used for many years to treat various autoimmune diseases, including lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also prescribed for certain conditions like Sjogren's syndrome, which can affect the eyes and cause symptoms such as dryness and discomfort.

### Mechanism of Action

Plaquenil works by altering the way the immune system behaves. It has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, which can help reduce the symptoms associated with autoimmune diseases. In the context of Sjogren's syndrome, it can alleviate fatigue, joint symptoms (arthritis and arthralgias), and the dryness in the mouth and eyes.

### Effects on the Eyes

While Plaquenil can be beneficial in managing certain symptoms, it is important to be aware of its potential effects on the eyes. One of the most serious ocular side effects associated with Plaquenil is maculopathy, which is damage to the macula, the part of the retina responsible for central vision. This damage can occur gradually and may not be immediately noticeable to the patient.

#### Risk Factors

The risk of developing maculopathy is influenced by several factors, including:


1. Dosage: Higher daily doses of Plaquenil increase the risk of retinal toxicity.

2. Duration of Use: The longer the medication is used, the higher the risk.

3. Age: Older individuals are more susceptible to the retinal effects of Plaquenil.

4. Renalty Impaired Patients: Those with kidney problems may have a higher risk due to reduced clearance of the drug.

#### Symptoms and Detection

Early detection of maculopathy is critical. Symptoms may include:

- Blurred vision
- Difficulty reading
- Distorted vision (straight lines may appear wavy)
- A blind spot in the central field of vision

Regular eye exams, including retinal imaging and visual field testing, are essential for patients on long-term Plaquenil therapy. If maculopathy is detected, discontinuation of the drug can help prevent further damage.

#### Management and Prevention

To minimize the risk of ocular side effects:

- Monitor Dosage: Ensure that the prescribed dose is within the recommended guidelines.
- Regular Eye Examinations: Schedule regular check-ups with an ophthalmologist.
- Discontinue if Necessary: If signs of retinal damage are detected, the medication may need to be stopped or the dosage adjusted.

### Conclusion

While Plaquenil can be an effective treatment for certain conditions, it is crucial to be vigilant about its potential impact on the eyes. By understanding the risks, undergoing regular monitoring, and taking appropriate precautions, the benefits of the medication can be maximized while minimizing the risk of vision-threatening side effects.

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In Sj?gren's, Plaquenil is used to treat many symptoms of Sj?gren's including fatigue, joint symptoms of arthritis and arthralgias (joint pain), dry mouth and dry eyes. ... Early detection of the maculopathy is of critical importance to discontinue Plaquenil in order to stop or slow retinal damage.Aug 29, 2014read more >>