As a subject matter expert in the field of water supply systems and environmental health, I've spent considerable time researching and analyzing the safety and efficacy of various materials used in the construction of drinking water pipes. One of the most common materials used for this purpose is copper, and its safety for drinking water is a topic of significant interest.
Copper has been a preferred choice for water pipes due to its durability, resistance to corrosion, and the fact that it's relatively easy to work with. However, the question of its safety, particularly in terms of the potential for copper to leach into the water supply, is a valid concern that requires a nuanced examination.

Cost and Material Considerations:
Copper pipes are often more expensive than other types of pipes, with costs ranging from 10 to 15 times more than alternatives such as plastic or galvanized steel. This higher cost is attributed to the material's quality, longevity, and the craftsmanship involved in its installation. Despite the initial investment, copper can be a cost-effective choice in the long run due to its longevity and low maintenance requirements.

Leaching Concerns:
The primary concern with copper pipes is the potential for copper to leach into the water, especially when the water is stagnant for extended periods. This leaching can occur more frequently in new pipes compared to older ones. The rate at which copper leaches can be influenced by several factors, including the water's pH, temperature, and the pipe's internal condition.

Health Implications:
Copper is an essential trace element for human health, playing a vital role in the proper functioning of the nervous system and the production of red blood cells. However, both excessive and insufficient intake of copper can lead to health issues. The World Health Organization (WHO) has set a guideline value for copper in drinking water at 2 mg/L. At levels below this threshold, copper is generally considered safe for consumption. However, long-term exposure to elevated levels of copper can cause gastrointestinal issues and, in severe cases, liver or kidney damage.

Regulations and Standards:
Many countries have regulations in place to ensure that the levels of copper in drinking water do not exceed safe limits. For instance, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set a maximum contaminant level goal (MCLG) for copper at 1.3 mg/L. Compliance with these standards is crucial to ensure public health is protected.

Mitigation Strategies:
To minimize the risk of copper leaching, several strategies can be employed. Regularly flushing the pipes to ensure water movement can help reduce the amount of copper that can leach into the water. Additionally, maintaining a slightly acidic pH in the water can also help to minimize copper leaching, as copper is less soluble in acidic conditions.

Maintenance and Replacement:
Proper maintenance of copper pipes is essential to prolong their life and reduce the risk of contamination. Over time, the internal surfaces of copper pipes can corrode, increasing the potential for copper to leach into the water. Regular inspection and, when necessary, replacement of corroded sections can help maintain the safety of the water supply.

Conclusion:
Copper pipes can be safe for drinking water when properly maintained and when the water supply meets regulatory standards for copper content. The benefits of using copper, such as its durability and resistance to many types of corrosion, must be weighed against the potential risks of copper leaching. By adhering to guidelines, employing mitigation strategies, and conducting regular maintenance, the use of copper pipes in drinking water systems can be both safe and beneficial.

read more >>

It can cost 10 to 15 times more when compared to other types of pipe. ... In addition, copper pipes in new homes may have a problem with copper working its way into the water that you drink. When water stands idle in the pipes, the copper can leach into the water. New copper pipes often leach more than old ones.read more >>