As an expert in Scottish ecology, I can provide you with a detailed explanation of what a midge is in Scotland. The highland midge, scientifically known as Culicoides impunctatus, is a species of small flying insect that is quite prevalent in the Scottish Highlands and other parts of the Palearctic region. In Scotland, they are colloquially referred to as "Wee Bastards" and in the local languages as "Midgie" in Scots and "Meanbh-chuileag" in Scottish Gaelic.

Midges are tiny insects, often less than 1 millimeter in length, and they are part of the biting midge family. They are typically found in damp and humid environments, thriving in areas with long grass, marshes, and peat bogs. The highland midge is particularly notorious for its biting behavior, which can cause significant discomfort to humans and animals alike.

The life cycle of a midge consists of four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The female midge requires a blood meal to produce eggs, which she lays in moist soil or vegetation. The larvae feed on decaying organic matter and after several weeks, they pupate and eventually emerge as adults. The adult midges have a short lifespan, usually only a few weeks, during which they mate and the cycle begins anew.

Midges are most active during the daylight hours, particularly on warm, still days. They are attracted to the carbon dioxide that we exhale and can be a nuisance to outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and golfing. The bites from midges can cause itching, swelling, and in some cases, an allergic reaction. Some people may also experience discomfort from the sheer number of midges that can swarm around during peak activity times.

In terms of control and prevention, there are several measures that can be taken. Wearing protective clothing such as long sleeves, trousers, and hats can help reduce the number of bites. The use of insect repellents containing DEET or other active ingredients can also be effective. Some people find that wearing light-colored clothing can make it easier to spot midges before they land and bite.

It's also worth noting that midges play an important role in the ecosystem. They are a food source for many birds, bats, and other insects. Additionally, midge larvae contribute to the decomposition of organic matter, helping to recycle nutrients back into the soil.

In conclusion, while the highland midge can be a nuisance to humans, it is an integral part of the Scottish ecosystem. Understanding its behavior, life cycle, and the measures that can be taken to mitigate its impact are key to coexisting with this small but significant insect.

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The highland midge (scientific name: Culicoides impunctatus; Scots: Midgie; Scottish Gaelic: Meanbh-chuileag) (also known colloquially in Scotland as "Wee Bastards") is a species of small flying insect, found across the Palearctic (throughout the British Isles, Scandinavia, other regions of Europe, Russia and Northern ...read more >>