As a medical expert with a focus on obstetrics and gynecology, I am well-versed in the various factors that can lead to stillbirth, particularly in the third trimester of pregnancy. Stillbirth is a devastating event that affects approximately 1 in 160 pregnancies in the United States, and it is defined as the death of a fetus at or after the 20th week of gestation. Understanding the causes is crucial for prevention and managing the risk factors associated with it.

**Birth Defects and Congenital Abnormalities**: As you mentioned, in approximately 1 in 10 cases of stillbirth, the baby had a birth defect or congenital abnormality. These can range from heart defects to neural tube defects and chromosomal abnormalities. While some of these conditions are genetic, others can be caused by environmental factors or infections during pregnancy.

Umbilical Cord Problems: The umbilical cord is a vital lifeline for the fetus, providing oxygen and nutrients. Problems with the umbilical cord, such as compression, knots, or prolapse, can lead to stillbirth. These issues can occur due to the baby's position, the length of the cord, or the way it is wrapped around the baby.

High Blood Pressure: High blood pressure, particularly pregnancy-induced hypertension or pre-eclampsia, is a significant risk factor for stillbirth. Pre-eclampsia, characterized by high blood pressure and damage to organs such as the liver and kidneys, can restrict blood flow to the placenta, depriving the fetus of oxygen and nutrients.

Infections: Infections during pregnancy, such as urinary tract infections, bacterial infections, or viral infections like cytomegalovirus, can lead to stillbirth. These infections can cause inflammation and damage to the placenta, affecting the baby's health.

Maternal Health Conditions: Conditions like diabetes, obesity, and autoimmune disorders can increase the risk of stillbirth. Proper management of these conditions during pregnancy is essential to reduce the risk.

Placental Abnormalities: Abnormalities in the placenta, such as placenta previa or placental abruption, can lead to stillbirth. These conditions can cause bleeding or prevent the placenta from functioning properly.

Fetal Growth Restriction: Fetal growth restriction (FGR), where the baby is not growing at the expected rate, can be a sign of inadequate blood flow to the fetus, potentially leading to stillbirth.

Maternal Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, alcohol consumption, and drug use during pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of stillbirth. These substances can have detrimental effects on fetal development.

Unexplained Stillbirths: Despite thorough investigations, in many cases, the cause of stillbirth remains unexplained. This can be particularly challenging for families seeking answers and closure.

It is important to note that while some causes of stillbirth are identifiable, others remain a mystery. The best approach is to maintain regular prenatal care, manage any existing health conditions, and be vigilant about any signs of complications during pregnancy. Early detection and intervention can often make a significant difference in outcomes.

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In around 1 in 10 cases of stillbirth, the baby had a birth defect or congenital abnormality. Other causes of stillbirth include: Umbilical cord problems also cause stillbirths. ... High blood pressure - particularly pregnancy-induced high blood pressure or pre- eclampsia - is another major cause of stillbirth.read more >>