As a domain expert in the field of neuroscience and neurophysiology, I can provide a comprehensive answer to the question of whether one can live without a nervous system. The nervous system is an intricate network of nerves and cells that transmit signals between different parts of the body. It is essential for the control and coordination of bodily functions and the processing of sensory information. The nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord, is responsible for processing and interpreting sensory information and controlling most of the body's functions. The brain is the control center of the body, regulating everything from thought processes to autonomic functions. The spinal cord, on the other hand, acts as a conduit for nerve signals traveling between the brain and the rest of the body.
The peripheral nervous system is a network of nerves that transmit signals between the central nervous system and the rest of the body. It is composed of the somatic nervous system, which controls voluntary movements, and the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiration.
Now, addressing the question of living without a nervous system, it is important to clarify that without any part of the nervous system, life as we know it would not be possible. However, there are certain components of the nervous system that, if damaged or removed, can lead to a loss of specific functions rather than an immediate cessation of life.
For instance, it is theoretically possible to live without the cerebellum, which is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements and maintaining balance. While the absence of a cerebellum would result in significant motor impairments, the basic life-sustaining functions controlled by the brain and spinal cord would still be intact.
Similarly, living without the spinal cord is not feasible as it is the pathway for all sensory and motor information between the brain and the rest of the body. However, if a person were to suffer a complete spinal cord transection, they would still be able to survive with the aid of medical interventions and technology, although they would lose all motor and sensory functions below the level of injury.
The peripheral nervous system is a bit more complex. It is possible to live without some peripheral nerves, particularly if they serve non-vital functions. However, the nerves that innervate the diaphragm and control the autonomic functions of the internal organs are crucial for life. Without these, the ability to breathe and maintain the body's homeostasis would be severely compromised.
As for the sensory organs, it is indeed possible to live without eyes, olfactory epithelium, taste buds, and ears. While the loss of these sensory inputs would significantly impact one's quality of life, it would not directly threaten survival. The brain has remarkable plasticity and can adapt to the loss of sensory input by reallocating neural resources to other functions.
In conclusion, while it is theoretically possible to live without certain parts of the nervous system, the absence of the entire system would be incompatible with life. The nervous system is integral to the regulation of all bodily functions and the processing of sensory information. Without it, the body would not be able to function, and survival would not be possible.
read more >>

You can live without cerebellum and without spinal chord. Peripheral nervous system - You could live without some of your nerves, but you'd need the ones that control your diaphragm and internal organs. Sensory organs - You can live without eyes, olfactory epithelium, taste buds and ears.read more >>