As a historian with a focus on the early 20th-century conflicts, I can provide an in-depth analysis of the factors that led to Russia's withdrawal from World War I. The situation was complex and multifaceted, involving a combination of military, economic, social, and political factors that ultimately culminated in the Bolshevik Revolution and Russia's subsequent exit from the war.
Step 1: English Answer
Russia's decision to withdraw from World War I was the result of a confluence of several critical factors:


1. Military Failures and Losses: The Russian army had suffered significant defeats and casualties, which had a profound impact on morale. The disastrous campaigns against Germany and Austria-Hungary, particularly the loss at the Battle of Tannenberg in 1914, were demoralizing and led to a significant loss of life.


2. Economic Strain: The war effort put an immense strain on Russia's economy. Food and fuel shortages became widespread, leading to skyrocketing inflation and widespread discontent among the population.


3. Social Unrest: The hardships of war exacerbated existing social tensions. The peasantry,工人阶级 (working class), and the urban poor suffered greatly, and their grievances were often directed at the Tsarist regime, which they saw as out of touch and ineffective.


4. Political Crisis: The Tsarist government was plagued by corruption and inefficiency. The February Revolution of 1917, which resulted in the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, was a direct consequence of this political instability.


5. The October Revolution: The most pivotal event was the October Revolution of 1917, led by the Bolsheviks under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin. The Bolsheviks, with their promise of "和平, 土地, 和面包" (Peace, Land, and Bread), gained widespread support and were able to seize power.


6. Desire for Peace: With the new government in place, the focus shifted towards ending Russia's involvement in the war. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, signed in March 1918, marked the formal end of Russia's participation in World War I.

7.
Internal Conflict: Following the withdrawal from the war, Russia was plunged into a civil war, with the Bolsheviks (Red Army) fighting against the anti-Bolshevik forces (White Army). This internal conflict further drained the country's resources and diverted attention from external threats.

8.
Ideological Shift: The Bolsheviks were committed Marxists who believed in the international solidarity of the proletariat. Their ideology was in opposition to the imperialist war, which they saw as a conflict driven by capitalist interests.

In summary, the withdrawal of Russia from World War I was a result of a perfect storm of military defeats, economic collapse, social unrest, political upheaval, and a profound ideological shift that culminated in the Bolshevik Revolution. The new government, under the control of the Bolsheviks, sought to extricate Russia from what they viewed as an imperialist and capitalist war, leading to the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and the country's official exit from the conflict.

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War and Revolution in Russia 1914 - 1921. Russia signalled her withdrawal from World War One soon after the October Revolution of 1917, and the country turned in on itself with a bloody civil war between the Bolsheviks and the conservative White Guard.Mar 10, 2011read more >>