As a medical professional with a focus on endocrinology and metabolism, I often address questions regarding blood sugar levels, which are crucial for maintaining overall health. Blood sugar, or glucose, is the body's primary source of energy, and its levels are tightly regulated by hormones such as insulin and glucagon. Understanding what constitutes normal blood sugar levels is important for both individuals with and without diabetes.
For someone without diabetes, a fasting blood sugar on awakening should ideally be under 100 mg/dl. Fasting refers to a state of not consuming any caloric intake for at least 8 hours, typically overnight. This measurement is significant because it provides a baseline level of blood sugar, which can be influenced by various factors including diet, exercise, and medications.
Before meals, the normal range for blood sugar is 70-99 mg/dl. This range indicates that the body is effectively using and storing glucose as needed, without reaching levels that could be harmful to the individual. It's important to note that blood sugar levels can naturally fluctuate throughout the day in response to food intake, physical activity, and other physiological processes.
Postprandial sugars, which are taken two hours after meals, should ideally be less than 140 mg/dl. Postprandial refers to the state after eating, and this measurement is used to assess how well the body is processing glucose from a meal. Elevated levels post-meal can be an indication of impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes.
In addition to these short-term measures, there is a long-term glucose test known as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), or simply A1C. This test reflects the average blood sugar levels over the past 2 to 3 months. It provides a broader picture of an individual's glucose control and is particularly useful for those with diabetes to monitor their disease management. The A1C test measures the percentage of hemoglobin in the blood that has glucose attached to it. The normal range for A1C is generally considered to be between 4% and 5.6%.
It's important to remember that these values are general guidelines and can vary slightly depending on the individual and the specific laboratory reference ranges. Factors such as age, activity level, overall health, and the presence of other medical conditions can influence what is considered a normal blood sugar level for a particular person.
Maintaining normal blood sugar levels is essential for preventing complications associated with both hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) and hyperglycemia (high blood sugar). Regular monitoring, a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and when necessary, medication can all contribute to achieving and maintaining healthy blood sugar levels.

read more >>

For someone without diabetes, a fasting blood sugar on awakening should be under 100 mg/dl. Before-meal normal sugars are 70-C99 mg/dl. --Postprandial-- sugars taken two hours after meals should be less than 140 mg/dl. ... There is also a long-term glucose test called a hemoglobin A1c, HbA1c, or just A1C.Jan 13, 2016read more >>