As an expert in the field of scientific inquiry, I can provide a comprehensive overview of what a hypothesis must include to be considered scientifically valid. A hypothesis is a crucial component of the scientific method and serves as the foundation for scientific investigation. It is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon, which can be tested through experimentation and observation.

**A hypothesis needs to include the following elements:**


1. Specificity: A hypothesis must be clear and specific, stating exactly what the researcher predicts will happen. It should not be too broad or vague, as that would make it difficult to test.


2. Testability: The most fundamental requirement of a scientific hypothesis is that it must be testable. This means that it should be possible to design experiments or collect data that would either support or refute the hypothesis.


3. Falsifiability: A hypothesis must be falsifiable, which is a concept introduced by philosopher of science Karl Popper. This means that there should be a way to prove the hypothesis wrong. If a hypothesis cannot be proven false, it is not considered scientific.


4. Coherence: A hypothesis should be coherent and consistent with existing knowledge. It should not contradict well-established facts or theories.


5. Simplicity: While not a strict requirement, simplicity is often valued in hypothesis formulation. A hypothesis should be as simple as possible, yet still explain the observed phenomena.


6. Predictive Power: A good hypothesis should have predictive power. It should allow for the prediction of new phenomena that have not yet been observed.

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Empirical Basis: The hypothesis should be based on empirical observations or data. It should not be purely speculative or based on personal beliefs.

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Refutability: Closely related to falsifiability, a hypothesis should be refutable through experimentation or observation. This means that there should be a clear path to disproving the hypothesis if it is incorrect.

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Scope: A hypothesis should have a defined scope. It should not attempt to explain everything but rather focus on a specific aspect of a phenomenon.

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Refined through Peer Review: Ideally, a hypothesis should be refined through peer review and discussion within the scientific community. This helps to ensure that the hypothesis is robust and well-formulated.

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1. Flexibility: A hypothesis should be flexible enough to be modified in light of new evidence. It is not a rigid statement but rather a starting point for investigation.

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2. Relevance: The hypothesis should be relevant to the field of study and address a significant question or problem.

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3. Originality: While not a strict requirement, a hypothesis should ideally contribute something new to the field. It should not simply restate existing knowledge.

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4. Clarity: The hypothesis must be stated in a way that is clear and understandable to others in the field.

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5. Quantifiability: Where possible, a hypothesis should be quantifiable. This means that it should be possible to measure the variables involved in the hypothesis.

By adhering to these criteria, a hypothesis can guide scientific inquiry and lead to the advancement of knowledge. It is important to note that a hypothesis is not a law or a theory but rather a starting point for investigation. As new evidence is gathered, the hypothesis may be supported, modified, or discarded in favor of a new hypothesis.

Now, let's proceed with the translation into Chinese.

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A Scientific Hypothesis Must Be "Falsifiable". A scientific hypothesis must be testable, but there is a much stronger requirement that a testable hypothesis must meet before it can really be considered scientific.Aug 31, 2009read more >>