As a geologist with a focus on seismology, I can outline several effects that earthquakes can have on the environment and human infrastructure. Here's a detailed look at some of the primary and secondary effects of earthquakes: 1. Surface Rupture: Earthquakes can cause the ground to crack and split open, especially along fault lines where the movement is most pronounced. 2. Ground Shaking: The most immediate effect of an earthquake is the shaking of the ground, which can lead to the collapse of buildings and other structures if they are not designed to withstand seismic activity. 3. Landslides and Debris Flows: As you mentioned, the shaking can cause landslides where soil and rock slide down hills or mountains. This can also trigger debris flows, which are rapid, destructive flows of rock, earth, and water. 4. Tsunamis: If an earthquake occurs underwater or near the coast, it can displace a large volume of water, leading to a tsunami. These can cause widespread damage to coastal areas. 5. Liquefaction: This is a phenomenon where water-saturated soil behaves like a liquid during intense shaking, which can cause buildings to sink or collapse. 6. Aftershocks: These are smaller earthquakes that follow the main shock and can cause additional damage to already weakened structures. 7. Infrastructure Damage: Earthquakes can cause extensive damage to roads, bridges, pipelines, and other critical infrastructure, disrupting transportation and services. 8. Fire: Broken gas lines or knocked-over heating sources can start fires, which can spread quickly, especially in the aftermath of an earthquake when emergency services are overwhelmed. 9. Economic Impact: The economic cost of earthquakes can be significant, with the need for rebuilding and the loss of business operations. 10. **Human Casualties and Psychological Effects**: Earthquakes can lead to loss of life and injuries, and the psychological impact on survivors can be long-lasting. read more >>

There are other, secondary effects that are caused by earthquakes, most often a result of strong shaking. A simple example common in many earthquakes are landslides. The shaking causes regions of the rock and soil to slide downhill.read more >>