Hello, I'm an expert in the field of medical science with a focus on infectious diseases. Scarlet fever, also known as scarlatina, is a bacterial infection that primarily affects children and is caused by Group A Streptococcus bacteria. While it was once a significant cause of death, particularly before the advent of antibiotics, the introduction of penicillin and other antibiotics has greatly reduced its mortality rate.
In the modern era, with proper medical care, including antibiotics, the risk of dying from scarlet fever is very low. However, if left untreated, it can lead to serious complications such as rheumatic fever or kidney inflammation (glomerulonephritis), which can be life-threatening. It's important to note that while the risk is low, it's not zero, and prompt medical attention is crucial for anyone suspected of having scarlet fever.
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