Hi there, I'm Dr. Smith, a respiratory therapist with over 15 years of experience. I've worked with countless tracheostomy patients, and I'm happy to help answer your question about suctioning.

## Why Suction a Tracheostomy?

Let's start by understanding the purpose of a tracheostomy. A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure where a doctor creates an opening in the neck, specifically in the trachea (windpipe). A tube, called a tracheostomy tube, is then inserted into this opening to help with breathing.

Now, a critical function of our respiratory system, besides breathing, is clearing airway secretions. These secretions, often called mucus, are naturally produced by the body to trap dust, bacteria, and other foreign particles. Normally, tiny hairs called cilia in our airways constantly move this mucus upwards towards the throat, where it can be swallowed or coughed out.

However, a tracheostomy tube somewhat disrupts this natural process. Why?


1. Reduced Cough Effectiveness: The tube can partially obstruct the airway, making it harder to generate a forceful cough needed to clear secretions effectively.

2. Altered Airflow: The direct route for air provided by the tracheostomy tube can change the normal airflow patterns in the airways, potentially affecting the movement of mucus.

3. Increased Secretion Production: The presence of the tube itself can sometimes irritate the airway, leading to increased mucus production.

This build-up of secretions can be problematic. If not cleared, these secretions can:

* **Partially or completely block the tracheostomy tube:** This obstruction can make it difficult or impossible to breathe, leading to a medical emergency.
* **Increase the risk of respiratory infections:** Trapped mucus provides a breeding ground for bacteria, potentially leading to infections like pneumonia.

## The Role of Suctioning

That's where suctioning comes in. It's a vital procedure to manually clear these secretions and maintain a clear airway in individuals with a tracheostomy.

Here's how it works:


1. Preparation: The process starts with gathering sterile equipment like a suction catheter, gloves, sterile water, and a suction machine.

2. Measurement: The suction catheter is measured against the tracheostomy tube to ensure it doesn't go too far down the airway.

3. Lubrication: The catheter tip is then lubricated with sterile water or saline to minimize friction and irritation.

4. Insertion: With gentle but firm movements, the catheter is inserted into the tracheostomy tube. Importantly, suction is not applied during insertion.

5. Applying Suction: Once the catheter is in place, suction is applied intermittently while rotating the catheter gently and slowly withdrawing it. This action helps to effectively clear secretions from the trachea.

6. Monitoring & Comfort: Throughout the process, the patient's breathing and oxygen levels are closely monitored. Measures to provide comfort and reassurance are also essential.

Suctioning frequency varies greatly depending on the individual's needs, the amount and thickness of secretions, and any underlying medical conditions. Some individuals may require suctioning every few hours, while others may only need it occasionally.

## Remember:

* Proper technique is crucial: Incorrect suctioning can cause complications like airway trauma, bleeding, or even a collapsed lung.
* Always follow medical guidance: The frequency and technique for suctioning should be determined by a qualified healthcare professional and tailored to the individual's specific needs.

I hope this explanation helps! Feel free to ask if you have any more questions.

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Tracheostomy suctioning removes thick mucus and secretions from the trachea and lower airway that you are not able to clear by coughing. Suctioning is done when you wake up in the morning and right before you go to bed in the evening. Suctioning is also done after any respiratory treatments.read more >>