As a specialist in the field of toxicology, I am well-versed in the effects of various substances on the human body. Ethylene glycol, a common component in antifreeze and de-icer solutions, is a particularly dangerous substance due to its sweet taste and potential for accidental ingestion. It is crucial to understand the side effects of ethylene glycol to ensure prompt and appropriate medical intervention when necessary.

Ethylene glycol toxicity can be divided into three stages, each with its own set of symptoms and complications. Initially, the symptoms are similar to those of alcohol intoxication, including inebriation, slurred speech, and ataxia. This phase is often misleading, as the individual may appear simply drunk rather than severely poisoned.

The second stage, which typically occurs within 12 to 24 hours after ingestion, is characterized by more severe symptoms.
Nausea and vomiting are common, often accompanied by convulsions and a stupor, which is a state of decreased alertness or responsiveness. This can progress to a coma, which is a profound unconscious state where the individual cannot be awakened.

The third and most critical stage involves metabolic acidosis and the formation of toxic metabolites. Ethylene glycol is metabolized in the liver by alcohol dehydrogenase to form toxic substances such as glycolic acid, oxalic acid, and others. These metabolites can cause severe metabolic acidosis, which is a condition where the body's pH is abnormally low due to an excess of acid. The buildup of oxalate can lead to kidney damage and potentially kidney failure, as oxalate crystals can deposit in the renal tubules, impairing their function.

Another serious complication is the potential for cardiac arrhythmias, irregular heartbeats that can be life-threatening. The toxic metabolites can affect the heart's electrical conduction system, leading to these arrhythmias.

Long-term effects of ethylene glycol poisoning can include neurological damage, which may manifest as cognitive impairments, memory loss, or even paralysis. Additionally, the damage to the kidneys can be permanent, leading to chronic kidney disease or the need for dialysis.

It is important to note that the severity of symptoms and the progression of the toxicity can vary depending on the amount ingested, the individual's overall health, and the speed at which medical treatment is initiated. Early diagnosis and intervention are critical to prevent the progression of these side effects and to increase the chances of a full recovery.

read more >>

The first symptom of ethylene glycol ingestion is similar to the feeling caused by drinking alcohol (ethanol). Within a few hours, more toxic effects become apparent. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, convulsions, stupor (decreased level of alertness), or even coma.Jan 1, 2017read more >>